INHIBITION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELLING IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS by G_αq‐PROTEIN CARBOXYL TERMINUS IMITATION POLYPEPTIDE GCIP‐27 IS NOT ENTIRELY DEPENDENT ON BLOOD PRESSURE

Abstract

1. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of both single and combination treatment with Yunke (technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate; (99)Tc-MDP) and colloidal chromic phosphate (32)P (phosphonium-32) in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). 2. Rats were randomly allocated to one of five groups: (i) normal control group (sham operated and treated with normal saline); (ii) AA control group (arthritis induced with adjuvant and treated with normal saline); (iii) (32)P colloid group (arthritis induced with adjuvant and treated with a single intra-articular injection of colloidal chromic phosphate phosphonium-32 (0.02 mCi) and i.p. injections of normal saline every other day); (iv) Yunke group (arthritis induced with adjuvant and treated with i.p. Yunke (2.5 x 10(-3) microg/kg) every other day and single intra-articular injection of normal saline); and (v) combination group (arthritis induced with adjuvant and treated with a combination of both therapies). 3. The left-to-right diameter (LRD) of the left hind ankle, serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1b and histological sections of the ankle joints were examined at different time points. 4. The LRD of the left hind ankle was smaller for the combination group compared with (32)P colloid alone at Week 4 (7.11 +/- 0.28 vs 7.57 +/- 0.24 mm, respectively; P < 0.001). The combination treatment was more effective than (32)P colloid alone in decreasing serum TNF (1.614 +/- 0.368 vs 1.977 +/- 0.255 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.002 for Week 4) and IL-1b (0.271 +/- 0.027 vs 0.308 +/- 0.020 ng/mL, respectively for Week 4; 0.209 +/- 0.023 vs 0.255 +/- 0.016 ng/mL, respectively for Week 6; both P = 0.001). Histologically, the combination group exhibited less synovium proliferation compared with Yunke treatment alone and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration compared with (32)P colloid alone. 5. In conclusion, the combination of Yunke and (32)P colloid is more effective in the treatment of AA in rats compared with Yunke or (32)P colloid alone.

Gαq Protein Carboxyl Terminus Imitation Polypeptide GCIP-27 Improves Cardiac Function in Chronic Heart Failure Rats

“…Additionally, it has been shown that GCIP-27 was superior at inhibiting ventricular remodeling compared with losartan [ 17 ]. In the present study, B-mode and M-mode echocardiography revealed that GCIP-27 was able to improve heart function.…”

“…After 10 weeks of treatment (described above), all of the rats that survived were subjected to echocardiography measurements [ 17 , 23 ] under anesthesia with chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg, ip). Transthoracic two-dimensional and M-mode images were performed in animals using a Vivid 7 Echo machine with the 14 MHz probe (GE Medical Systems, Minneapolis, MN).…”

“…The atria and free wall of right ventricles were removed, and the interventricular septum was remained. The heart weight index and LV weight index were calculated as the ratio of the heart weight (HW) and left ventricle weight (LVW) to body weight (BW) or tibial length (TL), respectively [ 15 , 17 , 25 ]. The mid ventricle was fixed with a formalin neutral buffer solution and embedded in paraffin.…”

“…Based on these results, there is little doubt that GCIP-27 could ameliorate CHF by alleviating cardiac hypertrophy. However, cardiac hypertrophy is also regarded as an adaptive response to malignant stresses and is believed to have a compensatory function by diminishing wall stress and oxygen consumption as well as by maintaining cardiac output to the body [ 17 , 20 ]. This finding has been demonstrated in a mouse model of pressure overload in which the inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy with cyclosporine A resulted in increased mortality caused by heart failure [ 13 ].…”

The features of reserpine-induced gastric mucosal lesions

“…SBP, DBP and HR were digitized automatically by the system after the tails were pressurized through the cuff. The final values were obtained by averaging 5 or 6 successful readings [22,23] .…”