Inhibition of MCP-1 and MIP-2 Chemokines in Murine Trichinellosis: Effect of the Anti-Inflammatory Compound L-Mimosine

Abstract

Mimosine, is a plant amino-acid which has been reported to block DNA replication in mammalian cells and to arrest cells reversibly towards the end of the G 1 phase or at the beginning of the S phase. In this study, 42 mice were infected with T. spiralis, a nematode parasite, and treated with the anti-inflammatory compound L-mimosine, to determine if any alteration in the chronic inflammatory state occurred, by investigating the host's immunological response. MCP-l, a C-C chemokine and MIP-2, a C-X-C chemokine were tested and measured in the sera of infected animals, after 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days postinfection, by ELISA method. The diaphragm/muscle and the masseters of the infected mice, were tested for inflammatory response. We found that MCP-l was partially inhibited by L-mimosine, while MIP-2 was totally inhibited. Moreover, in sections of the diaphragm and masseters, the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils were more intense in untreated animals compared to those treated with L-mimosine. These findings show, that L-mimosine may have an inhibitory effect on MCP-l and MIP-2 serum levels in Trichinellosis and may influence the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the intensity of the inflammatory reaction in this parasitic disease.Mimosine appears to prevent the formation of replication forks at early-firing origins when delivered to mammalian celI, approching the GIl S boundry and blocks DNA replication when added to S phase celIs after a lag of approximately 2.5 h ( 1-5).Members of the C-X-C chemokine subfamily include macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), IL-8, interferon inducible protein-I 0 (IP-I 0) and other proteins. MIP-2 produced early on by astrocytes and microglia and later by TNF-a stimulation of macrophages (6-9), contribute to lung neutrophil accumulation and the associated pulmonary injury folIowing hepatic ischemial reperfusion (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).Trichinella spiralis is a nematode parasite of mammals (mainly carnivores, pigs, humans) and birds. Infection occurs after ingestion of meat containing encapsulated larvae (L1) (15). These larvae rapidly develop into adulthood. After copulation fertilized females enter the intestinal walI and release the new born larvae into the

Inhibitory effect of quercetin on tryptase and interleukin-6 release, and histidine decarboxylase mRNA transcription by human mast cell-1 cell line

“…They mediate all these processes through the release of various mediators: histamine, proteases (tryptase, chymase), proteoglycans and prostaglandin D2. They also produce leukotrienes, whose receptors are expressed on rat microglia [17], and several multifunctional cytokines [18][19][20][21] and chemokines [22,23]. Cytokines and chemokines are implicated in inflammation of the central nervous system [24].…”

The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Mimosine: A Review

“…In addition, it was also shown to have an antiinflammatory effect on chronic inflammation and an inhibitory effect on TNFα and IL‐6 generation in the supernatant fluids of minced granulomas (Frydas et al ., ). In other reports, mimosine was found to have an inhibitory effect on MCP‐1 and MIP‐2 chemokines and their transcription and translation (Conti et al ., ; Frydas et al ., ). The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are crucial for the production of inflammatory prostaglandins, and inhibitors are used as antiinflammation drugs (Ulbrich et al ., ; Gautam et al ., ).…”

“…A number of reports are available on isolation, methods for estimation, biosynthesis, regulation, degradation, and the chemistry of mimosine. Over the past years of active research, mimosine has evolved as an important compound via bearing many biological properties significant in medicinal and agricultural fields such as anti‐cancer, antiinflammation, anti‐fibrosis, anti‐influenza, anti‐virus, herbicidal and insecticidal activities, and others (Tawata, ; Dai et al ., ; Ju et al ., ; Chang et al ., ; Conti et al ., ; Frydas et al ., , ; Upadhyay et al ., ; Nguyen et al ., ). Mimosine is an attractive alternative for the treatment of chronic inflammation because long‐term use of aspirin could damage the stomach lining (Frydas et al ., ; Kimmey, ).…”

The Proinflammatory Interleukin-21 Elicits Anti-Tumor Response and Mediates Autoimmunity

“…Recently it was reported that this cytokine is also capable of eliciting a durable cell-mediated antitumor response (45)(46)(47) and may be efficacious for the treatment of infectious diseases (48)(49).…”