Inhibition of phospholipase A2, platelet aggregation and egg albumin induced rat paw oedema as anti-inflammatory effect of Peltophorun pterocarpus stem-bark

Abstract

Background Most medicinal plants presently employed in traditional medicine are used without scientific evidence, thereby suggesting a need to explore efficient and reliable investigations of their potential. We, therefore, conducted the present study to ascertain the efficacy of flavonoid-rich extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum sterm-bark in the treatment and management of inflammatory disorders as employed in folk medicine. Materials and methods Flavonoid-rich extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum sterm-bark and a total of fifty-five (55) Wistar rats were used for this study. Eighteen (18) mice were used for toxicity testing, and the phytochemical analysis was done using the Trease and Evans method, while the acute toxicity was done using Lorke’s method. In vivo anti-inflammatory study was done using the egg albumin-induced paw oedema method, while the in vitro anti-inflammatory studies were performed for the extract using phospholipase A2 inhibition and calcium chloride-induced platelet aggregation assays. Results The phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum sterm-bark contains tannins, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and saponins ranging from 0.307 ± 0.02 to 1279.567 ± 149.868. The acute toxicity test of the extract showed no toxicity up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. In the systemic oedema of the rat paw, scalar doses of the extract significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the development of paw oedema induced by egg albumin, particularly with the Indomethacin (1.77 ± 0.41) when compared with the control (5.50 ± 0.26). However, varying doses of the extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited phospholipase A2 activity and CaCl2-Induced platelet aggregation in a concentration, dose, and time-dependent manner, in comparison to prednisolone. Conclusion These results indicate that the extract exhibited anti-inflammatory potential, and the mechanism of this activity has a promising ability to inhibit phospholipase A2 activity and platelet aggregation in rats inflicted with paw oedema.

Anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoid derivates

“…Many recent studies have reported the activity of various flavonoid derivative compounds having good activity in inhibiting this enzyme and treating inflammation [ 173 , 174 ]. A study conducted by Enechi and reported colleagues [ 175 ] that flavonoid-rich extract from Peltophorum pterocarpum stem-bark provide a strong inhibitory effect in PLA2 and generate downmodulate of the inflamematory symptoms of paw oedema induced by egg albumin, in comparison with prednisolone as well approve anti-inflammatory drugs that act in PLA2. In accordance, several other studies have also demonstrated compounds such as quercetin, kaempferol, and galangin showing promising inhibitory activity against PLA2 [ 173 , 174 , 176 ].…”

Membrane Stabilization, PhospholipaseA2, Albumin Denaturation, Protease Inhibition, as Viable Mechanisms for the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanol Extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel Leaves

“…Methanol Extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaves on Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) Activity: The effect of MERVL on PLA2 activity was carried out using method of Vane [12] with little adjustments by Enechi et al [13]. Fresh blood samples were taken from healthy people and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm.…”

Assessment of the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activities of Flavonoid-rich Fraction of <i>Pleiocarpa mutica </i>Leaves

“…The effect of FRFPML on PLA 2 activity was evaluated using method of Vane [34] with modifications by Enechi et al [35]. Fresh human blood samples collected from healthy individuals were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min afterwards; the supernatant (plasma) was discarded.…”