Inhibition of Photoperiodic Induction in Xanthium by Applied Auxin

Bonner, James; Thurlow, J.

doi:10.1086/335562

Cited by 79 publications

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“…These results and those of other workers (1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,12,14,15,16,17,19,25) suggest that during the dark period 3 consecutive reactions take place:…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…After 8 hours, light interruption of the dark period may be equivalent to returning the plants to full light, although in somiie experiments a destruction of flowering hormone takes place in the darkness which follows this interruption. 3. A constanit amount of red light is required to bring about maximum inhibition of flowering for any given time after the first 2 or 3 hours of darkness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of these inhibitory effects can be reversed by the application of an antiauxin (1,2,12). On the other hand light interruption of the dark portion of the photoinductive cycle promotes floral induction in long day plants (3,8 (9).…”

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The Reactions of the Photoinductive Dark Period

Bonner

1956

Plant Physiol.

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Since the demonstration bv Hamner and Bonner (7) of the importance of the dark period for photoperiodic induction in the short-day plant Xanthium, there have been many attempts to elucidate the reactions which take place within the plant during this period (2,11,13,18). The dark period reactions appear to be concerned directly with the act of induetion-the persistent change of the plant from the vegetative to the flowering condition. In Xanthium the flowering condition persists after a single completed act of induction even though the photoperiod during floral development is too long for induction to occur in vegetative plants. The condition of the plant after induction has taken place will be termed the induced state to distinguish it from the act of induction.The induced state in Xanthium is a quantitative one. Rate of development of the floral bud is dependent upon the intensity of the original act of induction. A measure of the rate of development based upon a series of floral stages has been previously described (21). By the application of this system the quantitative nature of induction can be demonstrated by? the relationship between length of the inductive dark period and subsequent rate of floral development, as measured by floral stage a number of days after induction (this is illustrated by the control points of the experiment shown in fig 4). The longer the dark period, the more rapidly the buds develop. This may be interpreted on the supposition that the rate of bud development is dependent upon the amount of flowering hormone produced, and that longer dark periods result in the production of more flowering hormone. This view is supported by the fact that buds develop at different rates when the leaves are removed from Xanthium plants at different times after the beginning of induction (9,21,22,23 fig 5). These results are in accord with the hypothesis that rate of floral development is determined by the amount of flowering hormone which reaches the growing point. The longer the leaves remain on the plant, the more hormone is translocated from them to the growing point.The experiments below concern kinetic studies on the reactions of the dark period. Xanthium pensylvanicum Wall.4 plants were treated at various times by red light interruption of the dark period and/or the application of auxin (whieh inhibits the act of induction, 21). The effects of these treatments on floral induction were measured in terms of rate of subsequent floral development, which is assumed to measure the amount of flowering hormone exported from the leaf. METHODSPlants were grown as previously described (3, 20, 21) from seed and maintained in a vegetative condition by daylight supplemented with incandescent irradiation of approximately 100 fe to make up a total day length of approximately 20 hours. To facilitate auxin treatment and to insure controlled light intensity during interruption of the dark period, plants were defoliated to a single leaf after first being classified according to the size of the most rapidly expandi...

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“…These results and those of other workers (1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,12,14,15,16,17,19,25) suggest that during the dark period 3 consecutive reactions take place:…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Reactions of the Photoinductive Dark Period

Bonner

1956

Plant Physiol.

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“…It is well known that indoleacetic acid and other growth substances can suppress flowering in many plants (1,6,10,17). BONNER and THURLOW (2) demonstrated that certain auxin antagonists can initiate flower-like buds in Xanthium when the plants are growing in a 16-hour day. The conversion of tryptophan into indoleacetic acid has been reported to occur in etiolated pea seedlings by GALSTON (5).…”

Section: Total Amount Of Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of the Amino Acid Composition to the Development of Oats

McCoy¹,

Sublett²,

Dobbs³

1953

Plant Physiol.

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“…Bonner and Liverman (6), and îîaylor (6l). Because of the im mensity of the literature in this area, the present review will be somewhat limited in its scope.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Vernalization and photoperiodism of winter wheat

Ahrens

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Inhibition of Photoperiodic Induction in Xanthium by Applied Auxin

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

The Reactions of the Photoinductive Dark Period

The Reactions of the Photoinductive Dark Period

The Relation of the Amino Acid Composition to the Development of Oats

Vernalization and photoperiodism of winter wheat

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