Vernalization and photoperiodism of winter wheat

Ahrens, J. F.

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-4007

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) requires 10 wk of exposure to 9-12 ˚C and 8 h photoperiod to achieve full primary induction for flowering, depending on the germplasm (Heide, 1987). On the other hand, winter wheat requires a minimum of 3-4 wk at 7 ˚C or below to obtain maximum effectiveness of vernalization (Ahrens, 1957;Trione & Metzger, 1970), although there is much variability in the induc-…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species has shown adaptation to large areas of northern Europe and North America with Köppen's climate classification of ‘cold’ (group D, mean temperature of the coldest month ≤ 0 °C) and some ‘temperate’ areas (group C, mean temperature of the coldest month between 0 and 18 °C; Peel et al., 2007). Köppen's definition of temperate areas includes a diverse group of environments with some consistently meeting vernalization requirements of cool‐season grasses (Heide, 1994) including winter wheat (Ahrens, 1957), while others do not accumulate enough days of cold temperature to meet those requirements. One of the main challenges for the expansion of this new crop to those temperate (group C) areas is its vernalization requirement for flowering (Ivancic et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) requires 10 wk of exposure to 9–12 °C and 8 h photoperiod to achieve full primary induction for flowering, depending on the germplasm (Heide, 1987). On the other hand, winter wheat requires a minimum of 3–4 wk at 7 °C or below to obtain maximum effectiveness of vernalization (Ahrens, 1957; Trione & Metzger, 1970), although there is much variability in the induction requirements for this species depending on the specific genotype involved (Ahrens & Loomis, 1963; Davidson et al., 1985). Indeed, the primary induction cold requirements are ecotype specific within species and different ecotypes might have different requirements as seen in perennial ryegrass (Aamlid et al., 2000), annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.; Heide, 2001), and among winter wheat or barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) ecotypes (Chouard, 1960; Flood & Halloran, 1984; Sung & Amasino, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vernalization requirements of Kernza intermediate wheatgrass

Locatelli¹,

Gutiérrez

Picasso

2022

Crop Science

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Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth and D.R. Dewey], bred for high grain yield, has become the first perennial grain in North America and is commercialized under the tradename Kernza. The expansion of this crop from the U.S. Midwest to areas with milder winters would require an understanding of its vernalization requirements for flowering and the availability of genetic diversity for this trait. The goal of this research was to determine the length of the cold period required for vernalization in Kernza intermediate wheatgrass. Two treatment factors (population and length of cold incubation period) were evaluated. Seeds from eight breeding populations from Kansas and Minnesota were evaluated in growth chambers at 5 ˚C and 10 h light for cold periods from 3 to 9 wk. The percentage of plants that flowered increased from 30 to 96% as the length of the cold incubation period increased from 3 to 7 wk following a sigmoid model. For most yield components, no changes were observed after 7 wk of cold incubation. There were no differences among populations for most traits and there was large within-population phenotypic diversity. These results confirm that Kernza intermediate wheatgrass populations have moderate vernalization requirements. Further research is needed to confirm the feasibility of breeding Kernza with lower vernalization requirements. INTRODUCTIONAnnual crops dominate global production of grain, occupying two-thirds of the arable land and they are associated with soil erosion, water contamination, high input use, and biodiversity loss (Cox et al., 2006;Tilman et al., 2001). Perennial species can have more-developed root systems, provide continuous ground cover year-round, and use nutrients more efficiently than annual species (Glover et al., 2010). Although many species have shown potential for domestication as perennial grain crops, intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth and D.R. Dewey] stands out because it has moderate shattering and its grains are easy Abbreviation: GDD, growing degree days.

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Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vernalization requirements of Kernza intermediate wheatgrass

Locatelli¹,

Gutiérrez

Picasso

2022

Crop Science

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“…Floral initiation occurred in 3 weeks under continuous light and in 6 to 7 weeks under the short days, as deter- mined by dissection. Ahrens ( 1) found that conventionally vernalized plants of Pawnee and Minter winter wheat headed earlier with an 18-hour photoperiod than with an 11-hour photoperiod. He reported that photoperiod during vernalization did not influence either the length of treatment required, nor the response to photoperiod following vernalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%