Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm accumulation and polysaccharide production by apigenin and tt-farnesol

Koo, H.; Fujimaki, Mitsue; Schobel, B; Cury, Jaime Aparecido; Rosalen, Pedro Luiz; Park, Y K; Vacca-Smith, A.M.; Bowen, William H.

doi:10.1093/jac/dkg449

Cited by 326 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…8,9,26,27 Previous studies have reported the strong antimicrobial activity of propolis against several bacteria of the oral m icrobiome, i ncludi ng S. mutans. 1,2,28,29,30,31 As confirmed in our study, propolis and some of its isolated compounds, such as apigenin and tt-farnesol, 11 have been found to display a major effect on microbial virulence (e.g., polysaccharide production and acid tolerance), rather than affecting unspecific or specific microbiome viability, considered a highly desirable quality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…10 Moreover, some flavonoids, terpenoids, isoflavones and other phenolic acids contained in propolis were found to diminish S. mutans acid production and tolerance. 10,11,12 Overall, a large number of biological activities have been attributed to different types of propolis, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, and others. 9 Propolis type 12, from southeastern Brazil, 13 demonstrated strong antibacterial effects and prevented caries development in rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The anti-caries activity and toxicity of an experimental propolis-containing varnish

et al. 2017

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Abstract:We investigated the anti-caries effects of an experimental propolis varnish in vivo, and further tested its toxicity against fibroblasts. Fifty-six SPF female Wistar rats were infected with Streptococcus mutans UA159 (SM) and allocated into four groups (n = 14/group): G1, propolis varnish (15%/PV); G2, chitosan varnish (CV/vehicle); G3, gold standard (GS/Duraphat ® ); and G4, untreated. The animals received a single varnish application on their molars and were submitted to a high cariogenic challenge (Diet-2000, 56% sucrose, and 5% sucrose-added water, ad libitum) for 4 weeks. Total cultivable microbiota and SM were counted, and smooth-surface and sulcal caries were scored. PV, CV and GS cytotoxic effects were tested against fibroblasts. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with the TukeyKramer test (p ≤ 0.05). Total microbiota and SM counts did not differ among the treatments (p = 0.78), or in relation to the untreated group (p = 0.52). PV reduced development of smooth-surface enamel caries compared with the untreated group (p = 0.0018), with no significant difference from GS (p = 0.92); however, the PV effects were no longer observed when the dentin was affected. Neither PV nor GS prevented enamel sulcal lesion onset, but GS significantly reduced the severity of dentinal sulcal lesions (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in fibroblast viability between PV and GS (p < 0.0001).In conclusion, PV prevented smooth-surface enamel caries and showed low cell toxicity. Nevertheless, due to the high cariogenic challenge, its effects were not sustained throughout the experiment. Further studies are encouraged to establish a protocol to sustain the long-term anticaries activity of PV in the oral cavity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anti-caries activity and toxicity of an experimental propolis-containing varnish

et al. 2017

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“…The water-insoluble EPS of biofilms was determined by the anthrone method [30]. Briefly, biofilms were collected by sonication/vortexing in PBS buffer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptide GH12 suppresses cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans include acidogenicity, aciduricity, and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis. The de novo designed antimicrobial peptide GH12 has shown bactericidal effects on S. mutans, but its interaction with virulence and regulatory systems of S. mutans remains to be elucidated. The objectives were to investigate the effects of GH12 on virulence factors of S. mutans, and further explore the function mechanisms at enzymatic and transcriptional levels. To avoid decrease in bacterial viability, we limited GH12 to subinhibitory levels. We evaluated effects of GH12 on acidogenicity of S. mutans by pH drop, lactic acid measurement and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, on aciduricity through survival rate at pH 5.0 and F1F0-ATPase assay, and on EPS synthesis using quantitative measurement, morphology observation, vertical distribution analyses and biomass calculation. Afterwards, we conducted quantitative real-time PCR to acquire the expression profile of related genes. GH12 at 1/2 MIC (4 mg/L) inhibited acid production, survival rate, EPS synthesis, and biofilm formation. The enzymatic activity of LDH and F1F0-ATPase was inhibited, and ldh, gtfBCD, vicR, liaR, and comDE genes were significantly downregulated. In conclusion, GH12 inhibited virulence factors of S. mutans, through reducing the activity of related enzymes, downregulating virulence genes, and inactivating specific regulatory systems.

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“…Biofilms (48 h) were washed twice with 0.89% NaCl and detached by individually scratching the wells with a pipette tip and 2 mL 0.89% NaCl. Then, biofilms were separated for Log 10 (CFU/mL) determination (0.1 mL) and for total biomass determination [36] (0.1 mL). After that, biofilms were vortexed, centrifuged (5,500× g /10 min/4°C) and the supernatant containing the soluble part of the matrix was separated from the pellet, which contained the insoluble part of the matrix.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluconazole impacts the extracellular matrix of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms

Panariello

Klein

Mima

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background: Fluconazole (FLZ) is a drug commonly used for the treatment of Candida infections. However, β-glucans in the extracellular matrices (ECMs) hinder FLZ penetration into Candida biofilms, while extracellular DNA (eDNA) contributes to the biofilm architecture and resistance. Methods: This study characterized biofilms of FLZ-sensitive (S) and -resistant (R) Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in the presence or absence of FLZ focusing on the ECM traits. Biofilms of C. albicans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 90028 (CaS), C. albicans ATCC 96901 (CaR), C. glabrata ATCC 2001 (CgS), and C. glabrata ATCC 200918 (CgR) were grown in RPMI medium with or without FLZ at 5× the minimum inhibitory concentration (37°C/48 h). Biofilms were assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL, biomass, and ECM components (alkali-soluble polysaccharides [ASP], water-soluble polysaccharides [WSP], eDNA, and proteins). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed. Data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests (α = 0.05). Results: In biofilms, FLZ reduced the CFU/mL of all strains (p < 0.001), except for CaS (p = 0.937). However, the ASP quantity in CaS was significantly reduced by FLZ (p = 0.034), while the drug had no effect on the ASP levels in other strains (p > 0.05). Total biomasses and WSP were significantly reduced by FLZ in the ECM of all yeasts (p < 0.001), but levels of eDNA and proteins were unaffected (p > 0.05). FLZ affected the cell morphology and biofilm structure by hindering hyphae formation in CaS and CaR biofilms, by decreasing the number of cells in CgS and CgR biofilms, and by yielding sparsely spaced cell agglomerates on the substrate. Conclusion: FLZ impacts biofilms of C. albicans and C. glabrata as evident by reduced biomass. This reduced biomass coincided with lowered cell numbers and quantity of WSPs. Hyphal production by C. albicans was also reduced.

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Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm accumulation and polysaccharide production by apigenin and tt-farnesol

Abstract: Apigenin and tt-farnesol affected the accumulation and polysaccharide content of S. mutans biofilms without major impact on the bacterial viability.

Cited by 326 publications

References 42 publications

The anti-caries activity and toxicity of an experimental propolis-containing varnish

The anti-caries activity and toxicity of an experimental propolis-containing varnish

Antimicrobial peptide GH12 suppresses cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans

Fluconazole impacts the extracellular matrix of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms

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