Inhibitory Activity of Analogs of AM-Toxin, a Host-specific Phytotoxin from the<i>Alternaria alternata</i>Apple Pathotype, on Photosynthetic O<sub>2</sub>Evolution in Apple Leaves

Miyashita, Masahiro; Nakamori, Tomoko; Miyagawa, Hisashi; Akamatsu, Miki; Ueno, Tamio

doi:10.1271/bbb.67.635

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…8 Saito et al (2001). 9 Miyashita et al (2003). A. alternata strawberry pathotype (Maekawa et al 1984, Takahashi et al 1990, and A. alternata tangerine pathotype , Solel and Kimchi 1997, Reis et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of apple genotypes and Malus species for resistance to Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype using detached‐leaf method

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alternaria blotch, caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype, is an economically important disease of apple (Malus · domestica Borkh.). Information on the resistance level of apple cultivars to Alternaria blotch is the key to a strategy for integrated control of the disease, however, such information on new apples recently released or on scab-resistant apples is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop an advanced technique, which allowed one a reliable assessment of apples for resistance to Alternaria blotch, and to evaluate resistance levels of various apple genotypes, especially scabresistant apples. Detached-leaves, youngest opened leaf (leaf 1), second (leaf 2), third (leaf 3), fourth (leaf 4) and fifth (leaf 5) at shoot tip removed from growing shoots of four cultivars, were inoculated with conidial suspension of A. alternata apple pathotype, and the responses were rated at 48-hour postinoculation; a modified six-class disease scale was established for the rating system of Alternaria blotch. Leaf 1-3 were suitable for the evaluation and discrimination of resistance level of apple genotypes to the disease. Reliability of assessment was demonstrated in successive 3-year inoculation tests with detached-leaves of leaf 2 on 16 cultivated apples; incidence of the disease caused by natural infection of A. alternata at a field was well correlated with the resistance levels determined by the detached-leaf method among 11 apples. Two-year inoculations using detached-leaf method on 41 apple genotypes revealed that 17 scab-resistant apples, ÔFreedomÕ, ÔOrlovimÕ, ÔOrlov-ski Pioner, ÔPervinka, ÔR12740-7AÕ, ÔRegrindisÕ, ÔAntonovkaÕ, ÔDay-tonÕ, ÔFlorina-QuerinaÕ, ÔGalarinaÕ, ÔLibertyÕ, ÔRedfreeÕ, ÔReandaÕ, ÔRemoÕ, ÔPriamÕ, ÔRegineÕ and ÔPriscillaÕ, showed no visible symptoms and were regarded as resistant (R) to A. alternata apple pathotype. In addition to the above genotypes, five scab-resistant genotypes, ÔGoldRushÕ, ÔPrimaÕ, ÔRenoraÕ, ÔRewenaÕ and ÔRetinaÕ, showed pittype small spots on a few inoculated leaves and were also included in this category of resistance level. Three scab-resistant genotypes, ÔJonafreeÕ, ÔRekaÕ and ÔCo-op 25,Õ exhibited extended necrotic lesions in the inoculated leaves and were regarded as susceptible (S) to the disease. Among 38 cultivated apples and selections of Japanese origin, 27 genotypes were R; ÔKitaroÕ, ÔKotaroÕ, ÔSantaroÕ, ÔChinatsuÕ, ÔShinano SweetÕ, ÔShinano RedÕ, ÔShinano GoldÕ, ÔAori 13Õ, ÔAkibaeÕ, were included in this category, seven genotypes were S; ÔBeninomaiÕ, ÔNatsumidoriÕ and several selections were included in S category, and the remaining four genotypes were moderately resistant. Parentage information clearly indicated that source of the susceptibility in the cultivated apples and selections developed in Japan were ÔDeliciousÕ or ÔIndoÕ. In contrast to the genotypic differences for levels of resistance to A. alternata apple pathotype in cultivated apples, all Malus spp. tested exhibited complete resistance to A. alternata.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of apple genotypes and Malus species for resistance to Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype using detached‐leaf method

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2; Table 2) AM-toxin (19), a phytotoxic compound, was obtained from the apple pathotype of Alternaria alternata and gave rise to Alternaria blotch of apple [34,35]. Previous evaluation showed that the inhibitory activity of numerous AM-toxin analogues against photosynthesis is correlated with their necrosis-inducing activity [36]. The phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternate afforded a tetracyclopeptide cyclo-(L-NMeAla-L-LeuNMeiD(Z)Phe-Gly) (20), also known as tentoxin (TTX) [37,38], which was a selective weed killer [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and the sponge Halisarca ectofibrosa. The peptide was synthesized and displayed antifungal and antihelmintic activity against pathogenic dermatophytes and earthworms [36,52]. Teixobactin (29) is an 11-mer peptide that contains a cyclotetradepsipeptide within its structural framework and shows potent activity against M. tuberculosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal significance of naturally occurring cyclotetrapeptides

Abdalla

2016

J Nat Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bioactive natural products are serendipitous drug candidates, which stimulate synthetic approaches for improving and supporting drug discovery and development. Therefore, the search for bioactive metabolites from different natural sources continues to play an important role in fashioning new medicinal agents. Several cyclic peptides were produced by organisms, such as b-defensins, gramicidin S, and tyrocidine A, and exhibited a wide range of bioactivities, such as antiviral activity against HIV-1, influenza A viruses, or antibacterial activity. Cyclic tetrapeptides are a class of natural products that were found to have a broad range of biological activities, promising pharmacokinetic properties, as well as interesting conformational dynamics and ability of slow inter-conversion to several different structures. Cyclooligopeptides, particularly medium ring-sized peptides, were obtained from marine microorganisms and exhibited a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial and anti-dinoflagellate activities, cytotoxicity, and inhibitory activity against enzyme sortase B. Most of the naturally occurring cyclotetrapeptides are obtained from fungi. Some natural cyclic tetrapeptides were found to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC), which regulate the expression of genes. These compounds are very useful as cancer therapeutics. Various analogues of the natural cyclotetrapeptides were successfully synthesized to find novel lead compounds for pharmacological and biotechnological applications. Therefore, in this review, previously reported novel natural cyclotetrapeptides are briefly discussed, along with their important biological activities as drug candidates, together with their promising therapeutic properties. Moreover, their future perspective in drug discovery as potential therapeutic agents will be determined.

show abstract

“…AM-toxins 2 are produced by fungi and are one of the oldest known types of dehydropeptides. These host-specific phytotoxins are produced by the pathogenic strain Alternaria alternata , thus formerly described as alternariolides, and cause leaf spot disease in apple trees (Okuno et al 1974 ; Miyashita et al 2003 ). This group of three cyclodepsitetrapeptides fully comprise ΔAla as well as other non-standard residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α,β-Dehydroamino acids in naturally occurring peptides

Siodłak

2014

Amino Acids

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

α,β-Dehydroamino acids are naturally occurring non-coded amino acids, found primarily in peptides. The review focuses on the type of α,β-dehydroamino acids, the structure of dehydropeptides, the source of their origin and bioactivity. Dehydropeptides are isolated primarily from bacteria and less often from fungi, marine invertebrates or even higher plants. They reveal mainly antibiotic, antifungal, antitumour, and phytotoxic activity. More than 60 different structures were classified, which often cover broad families of peptides. 37 different structural units containing the α,β-dehydroamino acid residues were shown including various side chains, Z and E isomers, and main modifications: methylation of peptide bond as well as the introduction of ester group and heterocycle ring. The collected data show the relation between the structure and bioactivity. This allows the activity of compounds, which were not studied in this field, but which belong to a larger peptide family to be predicted. A few examples show that the type of the geometrical isomer of the α,β-dehydroamino acid residue can be important or even crucial for biological activity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1846-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Inhibitory Activity of Analogs of AM-Toxin, a Host-specific Phytotoxin from theAlternaria alternataApple Pathotype, on Photosynthetic O₂Evolution in Apple Leaves

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of apple genotypes and Malus species for resistance to Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype using detached‐leaf method

Evaluation of apple genotypes and Malus species for resistance to Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype using detached‐leaf method

Medicinal significance of naturally occurring cyclotetrapeptides

α,β-Dehydroamino acids in naturally occurring peptides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Inhibitory Activity of Analogs of AM-Toxin, a Host-specific Phytotoxin from theAlternaria alternataApple Pathotype, on Photosynthetic O2Evolution in Apple Leaves

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of apple genotypes and Malus species for resistance to Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype using detached‐leaf method

Evaluation of apple genotypes and Malus species for resistance to Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype using detached‐leaf method

Medicinal significance of naturally occurring cyclotetrapeptides

α,β-Dehydroamino acids in naturally occurring peptides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Inhibitory Activity of Analogs of AM-Toxin, a Host-specific Phytotoxin from theAlternaria alternataApple Pathotype, on Photosynthetic O₂Evolution in Apple Leaves