Inhibitory effect ofStreptococcus salivariusK12 and M18 on halitosis in vitro

Abstract

Background The aim of the study was to observe the antimicrobial activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola as well as the effect on reducing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). Materials and methods After P. gingivalis and T. denticola were cultured with or without Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18, VSCs were measured by Oral Chroma. In order to analyze the mechanism for malodor control, the antimicrobial activity of S. salivarius K12 and M18 against P. gingivalis and T. denticola was assessed. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis with the Kruskal–Wallis and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests. Mann–Whitney test was applied for post hoc analysis. Results P. gingivalis and T. denticola VSC levels were reduced by high concentrations of S. salivarius K12 and M18 during coculture. The concentrations were lower than those of single culture (p < .05). An antimicrobial effect was detected on P. gingivalis, and T. denticola by 50% S. salivarius K12 and M18. The spent culture medium and whole bacteria of S. salivarius K12 and M18 reduced the levels of VSCs below the amount in a single culture of P. gingivalis and T. denticola (p < .05). Conclusion S. salivarius K12 and M18 decreased the levels of VSCs originating from P. gingivalis and T. denticola.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of the Probiotic Strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 against Oral Potential Pathogens

“…The most commonly used method for testing antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity is based on the use of 96-well microtiter plates [28]. Yoo et al [29] evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the supernatant of oral probiotic strains S. salivarius K12 and M18 in wells of a 96-well polystyrene culture plate against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Antimicrobial activity above a certain concentration level has been reported.…”

“…Antimicrobial activity above a certain concentration level has been reported. In this study, a standard assay in microtiter plates was used to examine in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, similar to previous studies [29,30]. In addition to the standard methodology, new innovative approaches to in vitro…”

“…Antimicrobial activity above a certain concentration level has been reported. In this study, a standard assay in microtiter plates was used to examine in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, similar to previous studies [29,30]. In addition to the standard methodology, new innovative approaches to in vitro testing of antimicrobial activity with inhibition of biofilm formation are also available, such as the dental implant in vitro model stimulating biofilm formation [31], the in vitro lab catheterization model [32], and biofilm formation in real time using automated microfluidics [28].…”

The Problem of Halitosis in Prosthetic Dentistry, and New Approaches to Its Treatment: A Literature Review

“…The Streptococcus salivarius K12 strain can produce two bacteriocins-salivaricin A2 and salivaricin B-that are especially active against Gram-positive bacteria [35][36][37]. Streptococcus salivarius was grown with volatile sulfur-producing bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, and a statistically significant reduction in volatile sulfur compound production was observed, and it was found that this effect became more pronounced with increasing probiotic titers [38]. Clinical studies show that the antimicrobial mouthwash containing Streptococcus salivarius K12 significantly reduced the number of volatile-sulfur-compound-producing bacteria [35].…”

“…Due to the fact that the main causative factor of intra-oral halitosis is dysbiosis in the composition of the commensal microbiota of the oral cavity, another method of treating halitosis is the use of probiotics [ 36 , 37 ]. Streptococcus salivarius is a non-pathogenic and dominant species that is an early colonizer of the oral cavity, and is one of the most important and most often isolated bacteria from people without halitosis [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Clinical studies are promising and show that the antimicrobial mouthwash containing Streptococcus salivarius K12 significantly reduced the number of volatile-sulfur-compound-producing bacteria [ 36 ].…”