Inhibitory Effects of Echinochrome A, Isolated from Shell of the Sea Urchin Anthocidaris crassispina, on Antigen-Stimulated Degranulation in Rat Basophilic Leukemia RBL-2H3 Cells through Suppression of Lyn Activation

Abstract

Echinochrome A (Echi-A) was isolated from the sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina and its structure determined using 1D and 2D-NMR. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effect of Echi-A on antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, which were suppressed in a dose dependent manner. The antigens bind to the high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor, which is expressed on the surface of mast cells and basophils and activate intracellular signal transduction, resulting in the release of biologically active mediators such as histamine. In order to disclose the inhibitory mechanisms of degranulation by Echi-A, we examined the elevation in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ), production levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and early intracellular signaling events. Both elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i and intracellular ROS production were markedly suppressed in cells treated with Echi-A. Echi-A also suppressed the activation of Lyn, Syk, and PLCγ1/2 in antigen-stimulated cells. These results indicated that inhibition of antigen-stimulated degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells by Echi-A is mainly due to the inactivation of Lyn/Syk/PLCγ signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that Echi-A could be a beneficial agent for alleviating the symptoms of type I allergy.

Diversity of Polyhydroxynaphthoquinone Pigments in North Pacific Sea Urchins

“…In addition, three spinochromes were detected: spinamine E (2), spinochromes C (6) and A (8). Main compounds of the sample S4 CHCl 3 extract were spinochromes E (1) and A (8), compounds 7 and 8 were present in another (inverse) ratio compared to the S3 CHCl 3 extract.…”

“…For example, the extract of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis shells, which contain PHNQ pigments, demonstrated antiallergic effects . The most well‐known sea urchin pigment, echinochrome A, also showed antiallergic activity . Echinochrome A protected mitochondrial functions from cardiotoxic agents such as doxorubicin, sodium nitroprusside and tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide .…”

“…[7] The most well-known sea urchin pigment, echinochrome A, also showed antiallergic activity. [8] Echinochrome A protected mitochondrial functions from cardiotoxic agents such as doxorubicin, sodium nitroprusside and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. [9] Echinochrome A treatment enhanced the oxygen consumption rate and the mitochondrial ATP level in rat cardiomyoblast cells and up-regulated the biogenesis of transcription genes.…”

Sea Urchin Pigments: Echinochrome A and Its Potential Implication in the Cytokine Storm Syndrome

“…Spinochrome D, E Antiallergic effect Guinea pigs [13] Echinochrome A Antigen-stimulated degranulation in cellular systems RBL-2H3 cells [14] Echinochrome A Antioxidant on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis Rats [15] Echinochrome A Inflammatory bowel disease and correcting immune system imbalance Mouse [16] Table 1. Cont.…”