Initial Design, Implementation and Technical Evaluation of a Context-aware Proxemics Planner for a Social Robot

Human-Robot Interaction in Assisted Personal Services: Factors Influencing Distances That Humans Will Accept between Themselves and an Approaching Service Robot

“…A significant influence of robot appearance was found by Koay, Syrdal, et al. (). Their results show that a mechanoid robot is allowed to come closer than a humanoid robot.…”

“…However, a study by Koay, Syrdal, et al. () showed that a taller robot could get closer to humans. Koay, Syrdal, et al.…”

“…Koay, Syrdal, et al. () concluded that a mechanoid or humanoid robot appearance has a larger effect than robot height on participants’ decisions about a certain distance between themselves and an approaching robot is acceptable.…”

“…In addition, different speed profiles within an approach of the same average speed influence the level of perceived familiarity with robot behavior (Mizoguchi et al., ). They also found that the approach direction had a significant influence on the distance that humans will accept between themselves and an approaching service robot (Dautenhahn et al., ; Koay, Sisbot, et al., ; Koay, Syrdal, et al., ; Złotowski, Weiss, & Tscheligi, ). However, the results of these studies are partially inconsistent.…”

“…However, the results of these studies are partially inconsistent. Rather than an approximately 45‐degree lateral approach, in one study a frontal approach was strongly preferred by the participants (Koay, Sisbot, et al., ), while in another experiment the frontal approach led to a higher level of discomfort (Dautenhahn et al., ). For the participants’ first contact with a robot, Koay, Syrdal, et al.…”