Initial Management of Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Respiratory Collapse of the Inferior Vena Cava Reflects Volume Shift and Subsequent Fluid Refill in Acute Heart Failure Syndrome

“…The amount of oxygen administered by nasal cannula or face mask is a key triage data point and could become a useful clinical indicator for lung congestion. 16 The target oxygen saturation was determined by each individual physician, depending on patient condition and past history. The maximum amount of oxygen administered was 15 L/min.…”

Plasma bioactive adrenomedullin as a prognostic biomarker in acute heart failure

“…1 After establishing an AHF diagnosis and initiating treatment, a major clinical decision facing emergency physicians is whether to pursue hospitalization for in-patient management. 2 Approximately 80% of patients diagnosed with AHF in US EDs are hospitalized. 1 Hospitalization allows for close observation and titration of intravenous medications, but is also associated with substantially higher cost than outpatient management and places patients at risk for nosocomial complications, such as infections, delirium, and falls.…”

“…1 Hospitalization allows for close observation and titration of intravenous medications, but is also associated with substantially higher cost than outpatient management and places patients at risk for nosocomial complications, such as infections, delirium, and falls. 2-5 Ideally, hospitalization would be reserved for patients at high risk for short-term severe complications of AHF, such as respiratory and renal failure, and those needing specific in-patient therapies, such as intravenous vasoactive medications. 2-3 However, ensuring clinical stability and estimating the risk of severe short-term outcomes is problematic with existing prognostic tools.…”

“…2-5 Ideally, hospitalization would be reserved for patients at high risk for short-term severe complications of AHF, such as respiratory and renal failure, and those needing specific in-patient therapies, such as intravenous vasoactive medications. 2-3 However, ensuring clinical stability and estimating the risk of severe short-term outcomes is problematic with existing prognostic tools. This prognostic uncertainty plays a significant role in the high admission rate for AHF patients.…”

Tratamiento farmacológico en la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda

“…La cantidad de oxígeno se evalú a y se administra en funció n de la saturació n de oxígeno y la gasometría arterial. Se la considera un dato clave en la clasificació n de los pacientes 43 . Se debe considerar el apoyo con ventilació n mecá nica en algunos casos seleccionados de pacientes con ICA, mediante presió n positiva continua de vías aé reas o presió n positiva binivel (bilevel).…”