Injuries due to deliberate violence in areas of Denmark. III. Lesions

Trends in deliberate interpersonal violence in the Odense Municipality, Denmark 1991–2002.

“…Other papers have shown the same distribution of lesions according body to region and type of injuries. 11,13,[22][23][24][25] We did not find any rise in the percentage of more severe injuries in the study period. On the contrary, the percentage of less serious injuries increased from 1994 to 2002 for both males and females, whereas the percentage of bone fractures and deep injuries decreased slightly.…”

“…In these studies, 80-90% of the injuries from violence are rated as minor (AIS = 1). 13,23,[26][27][28][29][30] Unfortunately, the AIS cannot distinguish changes within the large group of patients with minor injuries. AIS has, therefore, low sensitivity for measuring change over time.…”

“…The abbreviated injury scale (AIS) has been used in several studies. 5,13,23,[26][27][28][29] The AIS classification reflects probability of death. In these studies, 80-90% of the injuries from violence are rated as minor (AIS = 1).…”

Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya

“…Identification of peri-mortem trauma in the skeletal remains from Nataruk. Following standard practice 28,29,[39][40][41][42][43] , the presence of projectile points embedded in the bone or within the body cavity, and peri-mortem fractures resulting from blunt or sharp-force trauma were considered evidence of violence. Ante-mortem vs peri-mortem trauma was diagnosed on the basis of: (a) evidence of healing and/or periosteal reaction 28,44 , and (b) the context of the skeletons and distribution of lesions, noting that violent injuries are most often observed in ribs, scapulae, forearms, hands, and particularly in the head and neck [45][46][47][48] , and that blunt-force peri-mortem traumatic lesions in the head can be considered diagnostic of inter-group conflict in some contexts (for example 29,[49][50][51] ).…”

Problems getting back in the swing after breast cancer

“…Clinical and forensic data from documented cases of violent and accidental skull trauma have enabled the recognition of distinct blunt force, sharp force and projectile trauma patterns typical for violence and assault (Brink et al, 1998; Kjaerulff et al, 1989; Sauer, 1998; Shepherd et al, 1990). While injury mechanisms in clinical cases may not always match prehistoric ones, they offer much greater contextual detail, and so can help to determine the etiology of a given archeological case.…”