Ink‐Jet Microdispensing for the Formation of Gradients of Immobilised Enzyme Activity

Abstract

Summary: The integration of gradients of enzyme activity in microstructured biosensor arrays enables intrinsic on‐line quality control of biosensor performance. Multiple sensor elements with different compositions and hence varying responses for the same analyte are evaluated as a basis for improving data reliability. The formation of glucose oxidase/polymer microstructures using a piezo microdispenser and their examination by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) are used to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.Optical microscope image of grids obtained by dispensing of 1 mg/mL GOx and 2 mg/mL Vinnapas® mixture.magnified imageOptical microscope image of grids obtained by dispensing of 1 mg/mL GOx and 2 mg/mL Vinnapas® mixture.

Printing technologies for biomolecule and cell-based applications

“…The results showed that inkjet technology will have great potential in the fabrication of biosensors. Turcu et al (2005) used a custommade flow-through piezoelectric inkjet microdispenser for formation of gradients on immobilized enzyme activity. Microstructures with varying immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) activity in a polymeric hydrogel matrix were fabricated by means of sequential dispensing of the enzyme/polymer suspension on a gold coated glass.…”

Modification of glucose oxidase for the development of biocatalytic solvent inks

“…Printing allows for precise placement of small volumes of bioactive molecules onto materials such as paper in a simple and low-cost approach [1,2]. Deposition of enzymes by printing offers the potential to be used in a number of nanobiomanufacturing applications including diagnostics, active and intelligent packaging, and microarrays [2][3][4]. A number of enzymes in aqueous systems have been printed using an inkjet system including glucose oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, laccase, alkaline phosphatase, and horseradish peroxidase [1,[3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Deposition of enzymes by printing offers the potential to be used in a number of nanobiomanufacturing applications including diagnostics, active and intelligent packaging, and microarrays [2][3][4]. A number of enzymes in aqueous systems have been printed using an inkjet system including glucose oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, laccase, alkaline phosphatase, and horseradish peroxidase [1,[3][4][5][6][7]. Both piezoelectric and thermal inkjet printing methods have been employed for depositing liquid enzyme solutions [4,5,8,9].…”

SECM visualization of spatial variability of enzyme–polymer spots

“…Alternatively, in the sample-generation-tip-collection mode of SECM (Zhou et al, 1992;Martin and Unwin, 1998) localized chemical activity can be visualized conveniently based on the detection of an electroactive species (e.g., the product of an enzymatic reaction) released from the surface by its electrochemical conversion at the SECM tip (Pierce and Bard, 1993;Wittstock and Schuhmann, 1997;Strike et al, 1999;Wittstock, 2001;Kasai et al, 2002;Zhao and Wittstock, 2004). First attempts to use the spatial inhomogeneity of enzyme microstructures for extracting increased information were demonstrated recently (Gáspár et al, 2001;Turcu et al, 2005).…”