Innate Immunity Signatures of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Severe Early Childhood Caries

Astuti, Eko Sri Yuni; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Mahendra, Agung Nova

doi:10.13005/bpj/1740

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results typically correspond to the available data from developing countries, which have higher prevalence of S-ECC than the developed countries, despite the prevention measures performed. 22 Considering the difficulty to perform dental treatment to children due to dentophobia, 6 this research is an attempt to find a way to early detect the risk of S-ECC, so the prevention measures could be performed as soon as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD89/CD35 Expression Ratio in Salivary Neutrophil as an Early Detection Marker for Severe Early Childhood Caries

et al. 2020

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Abstract Objectives To analyze CD35/CD89 expression ratio on the surface of neutrophils as an early detection marker for S-ECC. Materials and Methods Saliva was collected from 4- to 6-year-old kindergarten students. Salivary neutrophils were obtained by instructing the subjects to rinse their mouth with 1 mL of sterile 1.5% NaCl for 30 seconds before expectorating it into a sterile glass. The expression of CFSE+CD35+ and CFSE+CD89+was measured and analyzed using flow cytometry. Results The expression of CFSE+CD89+ in the caries-free group (2.46 ± 0.39) was significantly lower than that in the S-ECC group (3.41 ± 1.11), with a p-value of 0.0001, while the expression of CFSE+CD35+ in the caries-free group was (2.35 ± 0.56) compared with (1.54 ± 0.35) (p = 0.0001) in the S-ECC group. Conclusions The expression ratio of CFSE+CD89+ and CFSE+CD35+constitutes a marker for S-ECC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD89/CD35 Expression Ratio in Salivary Neutrophil as an Early Detection Marker for Severe Early Childhood Caries

et al. 2020

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“…sCD14 plays an important role in the initiation of the immune response by recognizing several microbial products, such as LPS, endotoxins, and peptidoglycan, which are the main components of Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria [16]. SCD14 levels can be used as caries biomarkers and help in monitoring or evaluating effectiveness of karyostatic treatment [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neutrophils in saliva are the first defense cells against pathogenic microbes. Neutrophils can [23]. Neutrophils in the area of infection bind and swallow microbes through a process which is called phagocytosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between CD14 and IgA Levels with the Early Childhood Caries Event Children Age 3–5 Years

Mona

Revilla

Yanwirasti

et al. 2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a problem in the field of dental health that occurs in infants and toddlers around the world. AIM: This study aims to relationship between CD14 and IgA levels with the ECC event children age 3–5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This type of research is an observational cross-sectional comparative design between children with caries and non-caries. Samples are children aged 3–5 years with a history of consuming bottle milk. The number of samples was 28 people for each group (caries and non-caries) so that the total sample was 56 people. The CD14 and IgA levels measured using the ELISA method. The statistical test used is an independent t-test. p < 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean of CD14 levels was higher in the group caries than in the non-caries, while IgA levels were higher in the group non-caries than in the caries group. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that early caries childhood caries event children age 3–5 years increased the levels of IgA and decreased CD14 levels.

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“…Despite the role of diet and oral hygiene in its etiology, innate immunity may also play its part in caries development [ 4 ]. Previous publications have associated innate immunity markers such as lysozymes, lactoferrin [ 5 ], immunoglobulins [ 6 ], and antimicrobial peptides [ 7 – 9 ] with ECC [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a part of the innate immune response that are present in the oral cavity and are important contributors in maintaining the balance between disease and health in the oral cavity. These include beta-defensins that are expressed by oral epithelium, alpha-defensins, secreted by neutrophils, or cathelicidin [ 10 ]. They have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria, some yeasts, and viruses and are being widely used as potential therapeutic agents especially in the oral cavity where there is a constant exposure of microorganisms [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of early childhood caries with salivary beta defensin-3 and childhood anemia: a case–control study

et al. 2021

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Background Human beta defensin-3 (HβD-3) is an antimicrobial peptide present in saliva that protects tooth surfaces from microbial attack. These peptides are part of innate immunity so levels may be affected by different systemic diseases like anemia. Therefore, anemia may predispose an affected child to an increased risk of dental caries. The objectives of this study were to determine the association of early childhood caries (ECC) with HβD-3 levels and observe the association of HβD-3 levels with childhood anemia. Methods A total of 80 children admitted in a pediatric medical ward, age 48–71 months, of either sex were included in the study. The included children were categorized as cases (children with ECC n = 40) and controls (children without ECC n = 40). Children were further segregated into the anemic and non-anemic sub-groups based on the hospital record of hemoglobin level. The salivary concentration of HβD-3 was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Two sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare mean values while spearman was used for correlations at p < 0.05. Results The mean Salivary HβD-3 level in cases (8.87 ± 4.30) was significantly higher (p = 0.042) as compared to controls (7.23 ± 2.57). Salivary HβD-3 level in patients with caries and without anemia was highest (10.80 ± 4.50) whereas salivary HβD-3 level in the presence of caries and anemia was lowest (6.94 ± 3.13) amongst all groups. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Salivary HβD-3 level was found to be moderately correlated with cases (p = 0.002). An inverse correlation was found between salivary HβD-3 level and anemia (r = -0.479, p = 0.002). Conclusion Anemia may affect the innate immunity of children, and may result in a decreased level of salivary HβD3, thus increasing vulnerability to decay.

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Innate Immunity Signatures of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Severe Early Childhood Caries

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

CD89/CD35 Expression Ratio in Salivary Neutrophil as an Early Detection Marker for Severe Early Childhood Caries

CD89/CD35 Expression Ratio in Salivary Neutrophil as an Early Detection Marker for Severe Early Childhood Caries

Relationship between CD14 and IgA Levels with the Early Childhood Caries Event Children Age 3–5 Years

Associations of early childhood caries with salivary beta defensin-3 and childhood anemia: a case–control study

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