Innovation and High-Tech Exports in Developed and Developing Countries

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the number of patents on high and medium-high-tech export (HTEX) performance in developed and developing countries for the period of 1996–2012. In the empirical model, HTEX is explained by the number of patents (PAT), fixed capital (GFC), and FDI inflows. Estimation results show that PAT is one of the key determinants of HTEX in both groups of countries and PAT elasticity of HTEX in developing countries is higher than that of developed ones. However, while there is no short-run causality from PAT to HTEX, there is short-run causality from GFC and FDI to HTEX.

The impact of corruption and university education on African innovation: evidence from emerging African economies

“…This is because, the innovativeness of universities is not determined by the number of students but rather it depends on the effectiveness and efficiency of students, competency of lecturers, availability of educational resources, and the quality of information technology required for the students to improve their human labor capacity. Bayraktutan and Bıdırdı (2018) further supported the claim by indicating that, there is rather a reverse relationship between student enrolment and technology innovation. Thus, the level of technological innovation a university is equipped with, predetermines the number of student enrolments for the university.…”

“…However, the impact of the expenditure towards building innovation and high technology export becomes insignificant if the resources or the expenditures (that are supposed to be allocated to initiate significant research and development), are eventually mismanaged due to corruption and incompetency. This, moreover, indicates that there is no significant impact on innovation and high technology export because regardless the amount of resource allocations for innovation development, the lack of efficiency remains the hindering factor to high technology export (Bayraktutan and Bıdırdı 2018;Dodgson 1993). Other studies (Martín et al 2017) have also revealed the insignificant impact of university expenditure on innovation stating that, lack of university expenditure in some African universities hinders the innovativeness of graduates.…”

“…Moreover, graduates have only one hope to either establish a business or join companies. With limited training, skills, and development, innovation is likely to reduce (Bayraktutan and Bıdırdı 2018;Sajo and Li 2017;Wabiga and Nakijoba 2018).…”

“…Therefore, they could maximize export of high-tech exports such as, computers, vehicles, robots, smart technologies, etc. However, unlike African countries, the export of high-tech export is insignificant hence, most African countries heavily dependent on the importation of high-tech products from developed nations (Bayraktutan and Bıdırdı 2018). Other studies (Asiedu 2002;Jaiblai and Shenai 2019) have also indicated that, African countries receive FDI as a form of technology development.…”

The Impact of Innovation in the Process of High Technology Exports: An Analysis on Brics Countries

“…Developing countries, on the other hand, specialize in labor-based products as they are weak in R&D and technological capacity and have relatively cheap labor force. In this Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi process, the low price elasticity of the demand for technology-intensive products and the high income elasticity cause the countries producing and exporting such products to achieve higher returns (Bayraktutan and Bıdırdı, 2018).…”