Inorganic mercury

Burg, R. von

doi:10.1002/jat.2550150610

Cited by 143 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Approximately 1 to 4 g of mercuric chloride is fatal in adults [25]. Mercury salts are more corrosive than elemental mercury, which enhance gastrointestinal permeability and absorption.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mercury salts are generally irritants on the skin that cause dermatitis, discoloration of the nails, and corrosion of the mucous membranes, and may also cause corrosive burns. However, it is rare to be exposed to mercury salts through inhalation because of their generally solid and non-volatile state at room temperature [1,3,25]. …”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oral LD 10 is approximately 100 g for a 70 kg adult [25]. Acute exposure to elemental mercury can produce dermatitis.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Exposure and Health Effects of Inorganic and Elemental Mercury

Park

Zheng

2012

J Prev Med Public Health

574

365

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Mercury is a toxic and non-essential metal in the human body. Mercury is ubiquitously distributed in the environment, present in natural products, and exists extensively in items encountered in daily life. There are three forms of mercury, i.e., elemental (or metallic) mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds. This review examines the toxicity of elemental mercury and inorganic mercury compounds. Inorganic mercury compounds are water soluble with a bioavailability of 7% to 15% after ingestion; they are also irritants and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Upon entering the body, inorganic mercury compounds are accumulated mainly in the kidneys and produce kidney damage. In contrast, human exposure to elemental mercury is mainly by inhalation, followed by rapid absorption and distribution in all major organs. Elemental mercury from ingestion is poorly absorbed with a bioavailability of less than 0.01%. The primary target organs of elemental mercury are the brain and kidney. Elemental mercury is lipid soluble and can cross the blood-brain barrier, while inorganic mercury compounds are not lipid soluble, rendering them unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Elemental mercury may also enter the brain from the nasal cavity through the olfactory pathway. The blood mercury is a useful biomarker after short-term and high-level exposure, whereas the urine mercury is the ideal biomarker for long-term exposure to both elemental and inorganic mercury, and also as a good indicator of body burden. This review discusses the common sources of mercury exposure, skin lightening products containing mercury and mercury release from dental amalgam filling, two issues that happen in daily life, bear significant public health importance, and yet undergo extensive debate on their safety.

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“…Approximately 1 to 4 g of mercuric chloride is fatal in adults [25]. Mercury salts are more corrosive than elemental mercury, which enhance gastrointestinal permeability and absorption.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Human Exposure and Health Effects of Inorganic and Elemental Mercury

Park

Zheng

2012

J Prev Med Public Health

574

365

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“…Excess amount of these ions are, however, toxic. Mercury ions can lead to damage of brain, kidneys, the central nervous system, the immune system and the endocrine system (von Burg, 1995;Clarkson et al, 2003). Pb 2+ is a potential neurotoxin that can cause memory loss, irritability, anemia, muscle paralysis, and mental retardation (Rifai et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorimetric detection of mercury, lead and copper ions simultaneously using protein-functionalized gold nanoparticles

Guo

Wang

et al. 2011

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

313

142

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“…Methylmercury is a potent toxicant that is especially toxic to the developing central nervous system (CNS) (Von Burg, ; Clarkson et al , ; Trasande, et al , ). Typical human exposure to methylmercury occurs chronically at low to moderate levels (Castoldi et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of methylmercury exposure on early central nervous system development in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo

Hassan

Moussa

Abbott

2011

J of Applied Toxicology

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Much attention is focused on environmental contamination by heavy metals. The heavy metal mercury is found worldwide and is ranked number 3 on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act substance list. We examined the effect of low-level methylmercury exposure on central nervous system development of wild-type zebrafish embryos (ZFEs) of the AB strain because methylmercury is the most common form of mercury to which humans are exposed in the environment. ZFEs were exposed to nine different concentrations of methylmercury [0 (negative control), 5, 10, 50, 80, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 parts per billion (μg l(-1) )] starting at 6 h post-fertilization, which is the time the neural tube is first beginning to form. ZFEs were exposed to 2% ethanol as positive controls (100% embryonic death). ZFEs were assessed at 30, 54, 72 and 96 h post-fertilization for changes in embryonic development, mortality, time of hatching and morphological deformities. No abnormalities were observed in ZFEs exposed to 5 μg l(-1) methylmercury. The time of hatching from the chorion was delayed in ZFEs exposed to methylmercury concentrations of 50 μg l(-1) or higher. Significantly more ZFEs exposed to 0, 5 or 10 μg l(-1) methylmercury successfully completed hatching compared with ZFEs exposed to 50 μg l(-1) or higher methylmercury. ZFEs exposed to more than 200 μg l(-1) methylmercury exhibited 100% embryonic mortality. The rate of cell proliferation within the neural tube was significantly decreased in embryos exposed to 10, 50 and 80 μg l(-1) methylmercury and there were no differences between these doses.

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Inorganic mercury

Cited by 143 publications

References 65 publications

Human Exposure and Health Effects of Inorganic and Elemental Mercury

Human Exposure and Health Effects of Inorganic and Elemental Mercury

Colorimetric detection of mercury, lead and copper ions simultaneously using protein-functionalized gold nanoparticles

The effect of methylmercury exposure on early central nervous system development in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo

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