Inorganic Pb‐Free Perovskite Light Absorbers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance

Abstract

Recently, enormous efforts have been made to develop the efficient, lead (Pb) free and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this regards, various strategies were applied and the optoelectronic properties of various Pb free perovskites such as (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, Cs3Sb2I9, Cs3Bi2I9, CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3GeI3 etc have been investigated. However, the photovoltaic performance of the developed PSCs was still low and presence of organic moieties in common hole‐transport materials (HTMs) shows poor stability against moisture and heat. Herein, we have investigated the optoelectronic properties of all inorganic Pb free perovskites (Cs3Sb2I9=1 and Cs3Bi2I9=2) and employed novel strategies (dissolution‐recrystallization) to prepare the efficient Pb free PSCs. The band gaps of the 1 and 2 were found to be 2.2 eV and 2.0 eV, respectively. The developed PSCs with 1 and 2 exhibited the power conversion efficiency of 0.68% and 1.087%, respectively.

Two‐Step Deposition Approach for Lead Free (NH4)3Sb2I9 Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Open Circuit Voltage and Performance

“…Bismuth (Bi) and antimony (Sb) have the promising features such as air stability and less toxic nature and have the potential to replace the Pb. The perovskite‐like materials with general formula of A 3 B 2 X 9 (A=Cs, CH 3 NH 3 , NH 3 ; B=Bi 3+ or Sb 3+ , X=Cl − , Br − , I − ) can be utilized in photovoltaic applications [30,31] . Previously, some perovskite‐like materials such as (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 , Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 , Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 , (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 and (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 have been introduced as light absorbers for the fabrication of stable Pb free PSCs [30–32] .…”

“…The perovskite-like materials with general formula of A 3 B 2 X 9 (A = Cs, CH 3 NH 3 , NH 3 ; B = Bi 3 + or Sb 3 + , X = Cl À , Br À , I À ) can be utilized in photovoltaic applications. [30,31] Previously, some perovskite-like materials such as (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 , Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 , Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 , (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 and (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 have been introduced as light absorbers for the fabrication of stable Pb free PSCs. [30][31][32] The reported literature showed that the morphological features of the perovskite film influence the photovoltaic performance.…”

“…[30,31] Previously, some perovskite-like materials such as (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 , Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 , Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 , (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 and (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 have been introduced as light absorbers for the fabrication of stable Pb free PSCs. [30][31][32] The reported literature showed that the morphological features of the perovskite film influence the photovoltaic performance. [32] Thus, it is necessary to introduce and utilize the novel strategies to obtain the high-quality films of perovskite materials.…”

Morphology Engineering of BiVO4 with CoOx Derived from Cobalt‐containing Polyoxometalate as Co‐catalyst for Oxygen Evolution

“…In this way, E FB and the conduction band potentials (E CB ) of BiVO 4 and Cu-BiVO 4 are 0.03 eV, À 0.17 eV and 0.01 eV, À 0.19 eV, respectively. The corresponding value of valence band (E VB ) was calculated by the formula: [27]…”

Indoor light harvesting lead-free 2-aminothiazolium bismuth iodide solar cells

“…[12][13][14] Therefore, Bi based absorbers have gained a great deal of attention as a lead-free alternative. [15][16][17][18] Johansson et al 17,19 reported Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 , MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 and CsBi 3 I 10 based solar cells with a PCE of 1.09%, 0.12% and 0.4%, respectively. Singh et al 20 found that the morphology of MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 lms strongly depend on the electron transport layer on the FTO substrate, and c-TiO 2 /meso-TiO 2 ETL based device yielded a PCE of 0.2%.…”