Lithuanian agriculture has been receiving investment support under the Common Agricultural policy since 2004. Indeed, the most profitable farming typescereal and dairy farms -saw a particularly strong increase in the investment amounts. The measure of dynamic efficiency allows one analyze the performance of businesses in regards of inter-temporal optimization of the investment behavior. This paper, therefore, looks into the trends of dynamic efficiency in Lithuanian cereal and dairy farms. The research is based on the data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network covering the period of 2004-2014. The analysis carried out for different farm sizes indicates that scale inefficiency is the main source of technical inefficiency for smaller farms, whether cereal, or dairy ones. Farms experienced investment spikes showed slightly lower inefficiency. These technical efficiency gains are due to improved pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. However, the latter source appeared as a more important one for the smallest farms (less than 30 ha).schemes. This paper addresses the following question: what are the key trends in cereal and dairy farming efficiency in Lithuania in the context of investment spikes?Traditionally, productivity and efficiency are studied from a static perspective. This paper, however, relies on the dynamic approach which seeks to link the decisions on input adjustment made within different time periods. The patterns of dynamic efficiency have been widely studied across different countries and sectors (Serra et al., 2011;Rungsuriyawiboon, Hockmann, 2015;Kapelko et al., 2016aKapelko et al., , 2016bKapelko, Oude Lansink, 2017;Mikócziová, 2010;Krylovas et al., 2016). However, the analysis of dynamic efficiency in Lithuanian agriculture has received much less attention in the literature (Baležentis, 2016). Therefore, the present paper attempts to address the latter gap in the literature. In this paper, we follow the non-parametric approach for estimation of the dynamic efficiency. Specifically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is employed to construct the production frontiers and obtain the values of the distance functions. The non-parametric approach allows constructing the production frontiers without assumptions on the functional form thereof.This paper aims to evaluate the underlying trends in cereal and dairy farming efficiency in Lithuania in the context of investment spikes. The following tasks are therefore set: 1) to present the framework for analysis of the dynamic efficiency; 2) to identify the main trends in cereal and dairy farm performance in Lithuania and selected EU countries; 3) to estimate the measures of the dynamic efficiency for a sample of Lithuanian family farms. The research is based on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) covering the period of 2004-2014.This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents the Data Envelopment Analysis model for analysis of the dynamic efficiency. Section 2 discusses the results. Finally, concludes.