InSAR observation of the strike-slip faults in the northwest Himalayan frontal thrust system

Chen, Lize; Khan, Shuhab D.

doi:10.1130/ges00518.1

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As it is highly improbable that displacement along this fault is locked because of the existence of massive salt layers and diapirs along the fault [ Khan et al , ], it is assumed that if this fault is active, creep along it is not continuous but episodic. Interferometry measurements [ Chen and Khan , ] suggest that a creep event occurred between November 1992 and April 1999 along the fault with creep varying from zero in the line of sight of the satellite for the northward extension of the Kalabagh Fault, to 5.7 mm in the line of sight of the satellite in the central part of the fault, and a 3.7 mm displacement in the line of sight of satellite along the southern part of the Kalabagh Fault.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present‐day deformation of northern Pakistan from Salt Ranges to Karakorum Ranges

Jouanne

Awan²,

Pêcher

et al. 2014

JGR Solid Earth

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Episodic GPS measurements are used to quantify the present-day velocity field in the northwestern Himalaya from the southern Pamir to the Himalayan foreland. We report large postseismic displacements following the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and several mm/yr thrusting of the central segment of the Salt Ranges and Potwar Plateau over the foreland, westward thrusting of Nanga Parbat above the Kohistan Plateau, and~12 mm/yr SSE velocities of the Karakorum Ranges and of the Deosai and Kohistan Plateaus relative to the Indian Plate. Numerical simulations allow to determine a first approximation of slip along active faults: (1) substantial creep of~87 mm/yr between 2006 and 2012 along the flat northeast of the Balakot-Bagh Thrust affected by the 2005 earthquake; (2)~5 mm/yr slip of the central segment of the Salt Ranges and Potwar Plateau, whereas their western boundaries are clearly inactive over the time span covered by our measurements; (3) 13 mm/yr ductile slip along the Main Himalayan Thrust modeled by a dislocation dipping 7°northward, locked at a depth of 15 km; and (4)~20 mm/yr slip along the shear zone forming the western boundary of Nanga Parbat, between depths of 1.6 and 6.5 km. Residuals velocities suggest the existence of left-lateral strike slip along the Jhelum Fault.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present‐day deformation of northern Pakistan from Salt Ranges to Karakorum Ranges

Jouanne

Awan²,

Pêcher

et al. 2014

JGR Solid Earth

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“…In contrast to point-based GPS studies, InSAR provides spatial and temporal deformation patterns, which can be used to identify large-scale active features. For example, it has been used to map and model a salt dome in Iran (Aftabi, Roustaie, Alsop, & Talbot, 2010), and the displacement of the Kalabagh fault between the Potwar Plateau-Salt Range and the Kohat Plateau-Surghar Range systems (Chen & Khan, 2010). One of the common approaches in detecting slow deformation is the Small Baseline Subset Interferometry (SBAS) (Berardino et al, 2002;Lanari et al, 2007), which derives incremental displacements by inversion of temporal phase profiles effectively reducing atmospheric effects, topographic uncertainties and/or orbital errors.…”

Section: Sbas (Small Baseline Subset) Insar Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using InSAR, the slip rate of the fault was calculated in a study by Chen and Khan (2010). According to their study, the internal deformation of the Potwar Plateau is greater than the deformation at the front of the MFT.…”

Section: The Movement Rate Of the Dextral Kalabagh Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to their work, the minimum average displacement rate near the Indus River is around 7-10 mm/year. Additionally, Chen and Khan (2010) calculated an average rate of displacement of 5-6 mm/year for the Kalabagh fault. Their results show that different parts of the Kalabagh fault move at different rates.…”

Section: The Movement Rate Of the Dextral Kalabagh Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Recent geodetic studies have suggested that the Kalabagh fault is still active, with an average slip rate of around 5.3 mm/year (Chen & Khan, 2010;Jouanne et al, 2014). Moreover, a GPS study indicates that the Potwar Plateau is moving southward at rate of 5 mm/year (Jouanne et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introduction and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Active tectonics of western Potwar Plateau–Salt Range, northern Pakistan from InSAR observations and seismic imaging

Abir

Khan

Ghulam

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing of Environment

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The foreland fold-and-thrust belt of northern Pakistan is located at the western end of the Himalayan arc, where salt tectonics is responsible for structural styles, hydrocarbon source areas and seismicity. Three sub-regions of fold-and-thrust belt are the Potwar Plateau-Salt Range, Kohat Plateau-Surghar Range and the Bannu BasinKhisor Range. The difference in deformation intensity between these regions is mainly attributed to the presence, or absence, of an Infra-Cambrian salt layer. This study investigates the active tectonics of the Potwar Plateau and Salt Range region, emphasizing the role of salt, using the Small Baseline Subset Interferometry (SBAS) technique and 2-D seismic interpretations. Ten PALSAR images and four seismic profiles from western Potwar Plateau-Salt Range region were used. SBAS results, derived from PALSAR images spanning from 2007 to 2010, suggest that the Potwar Plateau-Salt Range is active with the western portion of the region experiencing an uplift at an average rate of around 10 mm/year. Two uplift anomalies were observed, which were interpreted as zones of transpression and salt diapirism. Time-migrated seismic profiles show that the salt layer acts as a detachment. Our results show that salt has different roles in different regions of the fold-and-thrust belt; in the Potwar Plateau region the salt layer acts as a detachment, while in Salt Range salt flow-induced structures are prominent. The integration of SBAS and 2D seismic interpretation reveals that the deformation of western Potwar Plateau-Salt Range is influenced by two main faults, the dextral Kalabagh fault and the Main Frontal Thrust. Finally, this work was compared to the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in western China due to their structural similarities.

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Geomorphometric comparison of submarine channel-levee complexes with fluvial river systems: observations from the Indus

Prerna

Kotha

2020

Geo-Mar Lett

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InSAR observation of the strike-slip faults in the northwest Himalayan frontal thrust system

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Present‐day deformation of northern Pakistan from Salt Ranges to Karakorum Ranges

Present‐day deformation of northern Pakistan from Salt Ranges to Karakorum Ranges

Active tectonics of western Potwar Plateau–Salt Range, northern Pakistan from InSAR observations and seismic imaging

Geomorphometric comparison of submarine channel-levee complexes with fluvial river systems: observations from the Indus

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