Insecticidal Toxicity of Spilanthol from <i>Spilanthes acmella</i> Murr. against <i>Plutella xylostella</i> L.

Abstract

The present study explored the <i>Spilanthes acmella</i> Murr. for insecticidal principle, a plant of high value. The seed extract showed insecticidal activity against <i>Plutella xylostella</i>. Further, bioassay guided isolation of bioactive compounds resulted in insecticidal active molecule, which was identified with the help of ESI-MS and NMR. Highest activity of 95 - 100 percent was observed at low dose of 2 g/l with spilanthol, while 60 - 70 and 80 - 90 percent mortality at 5 g/l in crude seed extracts prepared in methanol and hexane after 48 hours exposure, respectively. LC<sub>50</sub> of 1.49, 5.14, 5.04, 11.75 g/l was observed with spilanthol, crude seed extract of methanol, hexane, deltamethrin, respectively. The findings indicate the potential of <i>S</i>. <i>acmella</i> with potent insecticidal toxicity for the management of <i>P. xylostella</i> and other insects of agricultural importance

Larvicidal effect of hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of Acmella oleracea L. R. K. Jansen in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

“…The insecticidal activity of spilanthol isolated from the Spilanthes acmella extract for P. americana L. showed high activity against the adults of this species, with an LD 50 value of 2.46 ppm; electrophysiological experiments suggested that espilantol interferes in the nervous system (Kadir et al, 1989). A study of the S. acmella flower head extract also showed activity against the 2nd instar larvae of P. xylostella, presenting LC 50 values of 1.49, 5.14, and 5.04 ppm for spilanthol, the hexanic extract, and the methanolic extract, respectively (Sharma et al, 2012).…”

“…The presence of this substance and its derivatives gives the plant potential in the pharmaceutical, food, and health industries, with its best-studied property being its anesthetic activity (Pandey and Agrawal, 2009). Interestingly, it also has insecticidal activity via spilanthol against Periplaneta americana L. (Kadir et al, 1989), Plutella xylostella (Sharma et al, 2012), and Tuta absoluta (Moreno et al, 2012).…”

Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology ofSpilanthes acmella: A Review

“…Extract of Spilanthol from the flower heads of Spilanthes acmella was found to be active against P. xylostella [36]. The extracts from Spilanthes acmella were most toxic against different mosquito species (i.e., Anopheles , Culex, and Aedes ).…”

“…Spilanthol was shown to be toxic against adults of P. americana . It is one of the most potent compound when compared with conventional insecticides such as carbaryl, lindane, and bioresmethrin with a potency found to be 1.3, 3.8, and 2.6 times, respectively [36]. …”

Antimicrobial activity of Acmella caulirhiza on Candida albican and Escherichia coli

“…The cost of treatment of bacterial infection is increasing and the time for elimination is long. Therefore there is a need to source novel antimicrobial compounds to address this emerging problem in health care (Sharma et al, 2012). Acmella caulirhiza is one of the important medicinal plants with rich source of therapeutic constituents (Soares et al, 2014).…”