Inserción económica internacional y "resolución negociada" de conflictos ambientales en América Latina

Abstract

issn impreso 0250-7161 | issn digital 0717-6236 resumen | En este artículo se discuten el proceso de difusión de técnicas de "resolución de conflictos ambientales" en América Latina, los esquemas de construcción de la realidad que suponen, como también la manera como conceptúan la problemática ambiental. En base al análisis crítico de las categorías evocadas, procuramos estudiar en qué medida ese modelo de armonía atribuye al tema ambiental latinoamericano una dimensión política, pertinente al debate sobre estrategias de desarrollo o si, al contrario, retira dicho debate de la esfera pública y le reserva a los conflictos un tratamiento despolitizante, dirigido hacia el acuerdo negociado entre agentes en ellos involucrados directamente. El material bibliográfico utilizado se nutrió de la literatura producida por críticos, como también por promotores de los mecanismos de la llamada resolución negociada de conflictos. palabras clave | Conflicto social, medio ambiente, movimientos sociales, espacio público. abstract | The article discusses the diffusion of "environmental dispute resolution" techniques in Latin American countries, as well as the underlying frameworks and ways of conceptualizing the environmental problematic. Through critical analysis of certain categories, we look at how this harmonious model lends a political dimension to the Latin American environmental issue, becoming part of the debate over development strategies or, to the contrary, removes this debate from the public sphere and treats the conflicts in an unpoliticized way, seeking a negotiated outcome between the parties that are directly involved. The bibliographical material is nourished by critical literature, also by those who promote so-called negotiated conflict resolution mechanisms.

Discourse Coalitions in the Controversy around the HydroAysen Project in the Patagonia Region of Chile

“…Moreover, 'Patagonia without Dams' and 'Aysenines against HidroAysen' coalition lacks concrete and effective channels for participation in decision making, and this keystone of democracy is overlooked and obstructed by the government and HidroAysen. The overriding of citizen rights is a repetitive pattern in Latin America (Khagram, 2004;Castro, 2008;Ascelrad, 2010;Landa, 2012), where the pattern underlying the HidroAysen conflict can be observed in various countries in which local communities collide with big enterprises (Folchi, 2001;Khagram, 2004;Toledo et al, 2009;Perez, 2009;Bingham, 2010;Landa, 2012;Abbink, 2012;OLCA, 2013).…”

“…Their case is grounded on merely formal and not substantive democratic governance (Castro, 2008). In most cases socio environmental conflicts are based on weak legal and environmental policies that omit the right of consultation, participation, determination and information of the affected communities (Khagram, 2004;Castro, 2008;Ascelrad, 2010;Landa, 2012). Finally as these mega projects are generally constructed without local approval, it seems unavoidable that environmental groups and locals make alliances to fight against issues of injustice, inequity, sustainability and violations of indigenous rights.…”

Contaminação Do Solo E Conflitos: O Caso Da Empresa Centres

“…No entanto, existem críticas a tais abordagens, como pode ser verificado no trabalho de Acselrad & Bezerra (2007), no qual aponta-se o caráter "despolitizante" presente em tais mecanismos de resolução negociada, os quais retirariam da esfera pública o debate inerente ao conflitos socioambientais.…”

Predicción de precipitación mensual mediante Redes Neuronales Artificiales para la cuenca del río Cali, Colombia

“…The various changes in the behavior of the distribution and magnitude of rains create environmental, social and economic conflicts, thus, studies should be encouraged not only on a national or departmental level, but also at a local level. This will allow for adaptation plans and projects to be created that avert climate vulnerability and risk in specific areas like river basins [16,17].…”