“…Specifically, oxygen vacancies in LDHs have been proven as active sites for the chemisorption of N 2 molecules, optimizing the reaction kinetics and lowering the reaction energy barrier as confirmed by theoretical and experimental results. − On the other hand, the adjustable interlayer spacing of LDHs allows the interlayer anions to be exchanged by a wide variety of anionic species (CO 3 2– , dicarboxylic acid, organic ionic liquids, etc.) for improving the inherent functionality in catalysis. − In this stage, polyoxometalates (POMs), a typical class of high-valence early transition polyoxoanions, act as a promising candidate to combine with defect LDH materials through an anion exchange strategy because (i) POMs as intercalated anion species can support layered metal laminates via intermolecular interactions, such as electrostatic and hydrogen bond networks, due to their high-negative charge surface, which is in favor of constructing accessible POM-LDH composite materials. (ii) Reduced POMs (mixed-valence POMs) are well known for a broad and strong absorption spectrum including the near-infrared and visible regions due to their metal-to-metal charge transfer or intervalence charge transfer (IVCT), manifesting a fire-new type of light absorber species as a driving force that can promote the nitrogen photofixation reaction.…”