Inspired Internal Search: Using Neuroimaging to Understand Design Ideation and Concept Generation With Inspirational Stimuli

Abstract

While a large subset of work within the design research community has demonstrated that supportive stimuli (e.g., analogies) are a powerful assistive tool for designers, little is known about the cognitive processes enabling inspiration during design activity. To provide insight into this open question, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment was developed to study design concept generation with and without support from inspirational stimuli (N = 21). The stimuli provided in this work were words given at varying levels of abstraction from the design problems and were meant to support cognitive processes similar to analogical reasoning. Results from this work demonstrate that inspirational stimuli of any kind (near or far from the problem space) improve the fluency of idea generation and illustrate the moments during ideation that such stimuli can be used as a supportive tool. Furthermore, neuroimaging data help to uncover distinct brain activation networks based upon reasoning with and without inspirational stimuli. We find that the successful application of inspirational stimuli during concept generation leads to a specific pattern of brain activation, which we term “inspired internal search.” Prior work by the authors has demonstrated an impasse-based activation network that is more prevalent in the absence of inspirational stimuli. Together, these brain activation networks provide insight into the differences between ideating with and without inspirational stimuli. Moreover these networks lend new meaning to what happens when a presented stimuli is too far from the design problem being solved.

A comparative review on the role of stimuli in idea generation

“…They are described in different ways, with terms that are not always consistent. In the present work, we adopted the most used terms, also included in the most relevant contributions (Goldschmidt and Smolkov, 2006;Gonçalves et al, 2011;Goucher-Lambert et al, 2018).…”

“…When designers consider a stimulus as a good source of inspiration for generating new ideas, they build a series of connections between the stimulus and the problem according to "analogical reasoning" (Goucher-Lambert et al, 2018). The analogical distance is investigated in 20 of the 47 contributions.…”

Using fMRI to deepen our understanding of design fixation

“…Finally, Goucher-Lambert et al have used fMRI to examine the effect of supportive stimuli during ideation. Distinct activation patterns in the bilateral middle and superior temporal gyri and 5/31 the precuneus/cuneus were found to be associated with successful inspiration (Goucher-Lambert, Moss & Cagan 2018a).…”