Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps

Bebbington, Anthony; Dani, _; Haan, Arjan de; Walton, Michael; Sabates, R; Moncrieffe, Joy; Lucero, José Antonio; Barrientos, Armando; Ross, Michael L.; Boix, Carles

doi:10.1037/e597082012-001

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Higher levels of economic inequality may also have real-world consequences for the poor beyond their financial situation 54,55 . For example, consider that one recent study found that truck drivers with higher financial difficulties were more likely to cause avoidable accidents, in part because of the reduced cognitive capacities imposed by their financial hardship 56 , implying that the effects of higher financial hardship may enter the workplace and reduce an individuals' ability to earn a living wage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Poor’s Financial Hardship by Fraying the Community Buffer

Jachimowicz¹,

Lukas²,

Smerdon³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The current research investigates whether higher economic inequality disproportionately intensifies the financial hardship of low-income individuals. We propose that higher economic inequality increases financial hardship for low-income individuals by reducing their ability to rely on their community as a buffer against financial difficulties. This may occur—in part—because a frayed community buffer reduces low-income individuals’ propensity to seek informal financial support from others. We provide empirical support across eight studies (N = 1,029,900) from the U.S., Australia, and rural Uganda, through correlational and experimental data, and an instrumental variable analysis. On average across our studies, a one SD increase in economic inequality is associated with an increase of financial hardship amongst low-income individuals of .10 SDs. We discuss the implications of these results for policy aimed to help the poor buffer against the adverse effects higher economic inequality imposes on them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Poor’s Financial Hardship by Fraying the Community Buffer

Jachimowicz¹,

Lukas²,

Smerdon³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…For the purpose of this article, equity will be discussed at and below the community level of organization incorporating households and individuals where appropriate. We focus on equity because the nature of equity influences growth and development (Bebbington et al 2008), and as such is not only one of the central goals of CBNRM, but also affects development -another goal of CBNRM. Equity is considered from a prioritarianism point of view, which is based on the weak equity axiom (Sen 1973).…”

Section: Environmental Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Illusion of Equity: An Examination of Community Based Natural Resource Management and Inequality in Africa

Gibbes

Keys²

2010

Geography Compass

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This article examines the dual goals of community based natural resource management (CBNRM) as a way to protect the environment (specifically wildlife) and enhance the socio‐economic equity of communities. As described in the literature, CBNRM should integrate ecological sustainability, economic efficiency and social equity (Pagdee et al. 2006). Although occasionally successful at the first two ideal objectives, the enhancement of social equity is often wanting due to a priori assumptions about communities and resource management devolution. This article based largely on published literature, and addresses the constraints and opportunities for successful CBNRM in Africa, largely focusing on southern Africa as that part of the world has been one of the early testing grounds for these environmental management ideas.

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“…This generates a highly unequal resilient system characterized by the segregation of low income populations in areas with low access to development assets. In resilience terms, spatial segregation creates in Santiago positive feedback loops reinforcing the city's tendency to remain locked in an inequality trap [18]. To explore and support this argument we evaluate the temporal and spatial dynamics of inequalities among Santiago's 34 municipalities from 1992 to 2009 by comparing the trends of four human development assets measured through the following four indicators: household income, higher education diploma rates, access to private health system, and participation in local-level elections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uneven spatial development of Santiago is not only segregating people access to human development assets but could also act as a driver expanding the gap between rich and poor sectors of the population. In this kind of situations chances of vulnerable people to access development opportunities is severely limited, creating a highly resilient unequal system that lock the system in an inequality trap from which low income sectors have little chances to escape [17,18]. Thus, the extreme neoliberal politics and economic transformations implemented during the dictatorial regime may have contributed to generate a highly resilient system of inequality and segregation in Santiago, trapping the city in an undesirable resilient unequal development pattern, and hampering the potential of Santiago to move toward a desirable resilient and sustainable pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking Resilient Patterns of Inequality in Santiago de Chile: Challenges to Navigate towards a More Sustainable City

2016

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Abstract:Resilience can have desirable and undesirable consequences. Thus, resilience should not be viewed as a normative desirable goal, but as a descriptor of complex systems dynamics. From this perspective, we apply resilience thinking concepts to assess the dynamics of inequality, spatial segregation, and sustainability in Chile's capital city of Santiago. Chile's economy boosted since democracy was restored in 1990, but continuity of neoliberal reforms and transformations of Pinochet's dictatorship (1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990) seem to have locked Chilean cities in resilient, albeit unsustainable, patterns of uneven development. Socio-economic data from Santiago shows highly resilient patterns of urban inequality and segregation from 1992 to 2009 despite democratic efforts, political agendas and discourses packed with calls for reducing poverty and inequality. We present a conceptual model based on the notion of stability landscapes to explore potential trade-offs between resilience and sustainable development. We mapped Santiago's spatio-temporal inequality trends and explored if these patterns support an inequality-resilience stability landscape. Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of development assets across four human development dimensions (i.e., income, education, health, democracy) revealed potential socio-political and spatial feedbacks supporting the resilience of inequality and segregation in Santiago. We argue that urban sustainability may require breaking this resilience, a process where bottom-up stressors such as social movements could play a key role.

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Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps

Cited by 36 publications

References 56 publications

Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Poor’s Financial Hardship by Fraying the Community Buffer

Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Poor’s Financial Hardship by Fraying the Community Buffer

The Illusion of Equity: An Examination of Community Based Natural Resource Management and Inequality in Africa

Breaking Resilient Patterns of Inequality in Santiago de Chile: Challenges to Navigate towards a More Sustainable City

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