Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Is Involved in the Phycocyanin-Mediated Antineoplastic Function of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Abstract

Phycocyanin, derived from marine algae, is known to have noteworthy antineoplastic properties. However, the underlying mechanism involved in phycocyanin-mediated anti-growth function on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells is still ambiguous. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of phycocyanin on H1299, A549, and LTEP-a2 cells. According to the results obtained, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) expression was reduced by phycocyanin. Cell phenotype tests showed that siRNA knockdown of IRS-1 expression significantly inhibited the growth, migration, colony formation, but promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, phycocyanin and IRS-1 siRNA treatment both reduced the PI3K-AKT activities in NSCLC cells. Moreover, overexpression of IRS-1 accelerated the proliferation, colony formation, and migration rate of H1299, A549, and LTEP-a2 cells, which was contradicting to the knockdown results. Overall, this study uncovered a regulatory mechanism by which phycocyanin inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells via IRS-1/AKT pathway, laying the foundation for the potential target treatment of NSCLC.

Studies on the biosynthetic pathways of melanin in Auricularia auricula

“…HepG2 cells in the logarithmic growth stage were counted under the microscope, diluted to the concentration of 2000 cells/well, paved with 96‐well plates (100 µl), and cultured in an incubator for 24 h in DMEM medium supplemented with different concentrations of melanin (0,0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mg/ml). Then 10% CCK‐8 was added to each well, and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm and 650 nm by a microplate reader after incubation in the dark for 2 h [43]. Cell viability was calculated as follows: $$<math display="block" altimg="urn:x-wiley:0233111X:media:jobm202100670:jobm202100670-math-0003" wiley:location="equation/jobm202100670-math-0003.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mi>Cell</mi><mo>\unicode{x02007}</mo><mi>viability</mi><mo>\unicode{x0003D}</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>\unicode{x02010}</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>/</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>\unicode{x02010}</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mo>\unicode{x000D7}</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>$$where A S is the absorbance of the experimental hole (including cell, culture medium, CCK‐8 solution, and drug solution); A C is the absorbance of control well (including cells, culture medium, and CCK‐8 solution, excluding drugs); A b is the absorbance of blank hole (including culture medium and CCK‐8 solution, excluding cells and drugs).…”

“…HepG2 cells in the logarithmic growth stage were counted under the microscope, diluted to the concentration of 2000 cells/well, paved with 96-well plates (100 µl), and cultured in an incubator for 24 h in DMEM medium supplemented with different concentrations of melanin (0,0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mg/ml). Then 10% CCK-8 was added to each well, and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm and 650 nm by a microplate reader after incubation in the dark for 2 h [43]. Cell viability was calculated as follows:…”

Association of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS 1) Expression in the Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

“…( [3]) Although key to a good prognosis of HNSCC is early diagnosis and treatment [4], various factors also play a role in the prognosis of the patient. Due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of HNSCC, advanced stages of HNSCC are commonly associated with poor prognosis [5]. Therefore, identifying proteins and the mechanisms that are associated with metastasis and cancer progression can provide biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment targets for HNSCC.…”

The Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 Mediates the Action of Insulin on HeLa Cell Migration via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

“…IRS-1 and IRS-2 are widely expressed in humans and are, therefore, the most studied proteins in the family [ 3 ]. There is a relationship between IRS-1 and 2 and various types of cancer, such as breast [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], lung [ 9 ], prostate [ 10 ], hepatocarcinoma [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], neuroblastoma [ 14 , 15 ], head and neck [ 16 ], colorectal [ 17 , 18 ], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ 19 ], non-small cell lung cancer [ 20 ], and glioblastoma multiforme [ 21 ]. It has been observed that the expression and function of the IRS may vary in the different types of cancer.…”