Insurgency-informed governance in the North Caucasus: observations from Chechnya, Dagestan, and Kabardino-Balkaria

Koehler, Jan; Gunya, Alexey; Alkhazurov, Magomed

doi:10.1080/09592318.2016.1151657

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Additionally, there was an attempt by Chechnya to adhere to the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline project and to the Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA), but it did not change from being a project for a hypothetically independent Chechnya [32]. The de facto independent republic kept its economy on three pillars: illegal weapons selling, the payment of hostage ransoms (civil and military), and the sale of various goods without tax charges [35] (p. 380).…”

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Supplies flowed in via the almost entirely uncontrolled air connection (Grozny had an international air-port between 1990 and 1994). The shuttle trade economy was based on goods imported from abroad free of federal taxes and customs, which were sold across the whole of the Northern Caucasus" [35] (p. 380).…”

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 1997-2005 period, under Aslan Maskhadov's presidency, "Chechnya exploited the ambiguity of its position between political independence and being formally part of Russia" [35] (p. 380). While important income was generated from refining oil, and factually Chechnya acted as an independent commercial actor (attempts were made to create a Chechen state company, Grozneft), the Federation provided the Chechen republic with gas, pensions, and energy supply, so there were evident tensions between the de facto independent Ichkeria and Russia [35] (p. 380).…”

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37, 39, 40). Furthermore, Russia ensured the weakening of the secessionists by offering posts in security structures to Chechens and by controlling financial and arms flows [35] (p. 380).…”

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Only in Chechnya did the insurgency aim at and temporarily succeed in taking over main assets of the state. This initially focused on revenues from extraction and refining of oil, sale of arms, and money embezzled from federal transfers aimed at rebuilding the struggling economy" [35] (p. 380).…”

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The North Caucasus Region as a Blind Spot in the “European Green Deal”: Energy Supply Security and Energy Superpower Russia

2020

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The “European Green Deal” has ambitious aims, such as net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. While the European Union aims to make its energies greener, Russia pursues power-goals based on its status as a geo-energy superpower. A successful “European Green Deal” would have the up-to-now underestimated geopolitical advantage of making the European Union less dependent on Russian hydrocarbons. In this article, we illustrate Russian power-politics and its geopolitical implications by analyzing the illustrative case of the North Caucasus, which has been traditionally a strategic region for Russia. The present article describes and analyses the impact of Russian intervention in the North Caucasian secessionist conflict since 1991 and its importance in terms of natural resources, especially hydrocarbons. The geopolitical power secured by Russia in the North Caucasian conflict has important implications for European Union’s energy supply security and could be regarded as a strong argument in favor of the “European Green Deal”.

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Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37, 39, 40). Furthermore, Russia ensured the weakening of the secessionists by offering posts in security structures to Chechens and by controlling financial and arms flows [35] (p. 380).…”

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chechnya: Epicentre Of the Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The North Caucasus Region as a Blind Spot in the “European Green Deal”: Energy Supply Security and Energy Superpower Russia

2020

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Protecting the state: Russian repressive tactics in the North Caucasus

Zhirukhina

2018

Natl. pap.

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Since the end of the second Chechen campaign, the North Caucasus counterinsurgency has experienced the shift from military involvement toward prevalence of law enforcement instruments. This paper discusses the composition of repressive tactics that the Russian state developed as a result of the two decades long evolution of a counter strategy designed to eliminate illegal armed groups operating in the North Caucasus. It is focused on the late stages of conflict (2007-2014) when the violence that had spread across the region started in the early 2000s had symbolically culminated in 2007 with the proclamation of the Caucasian Emirate. This paper advances a reconceptualization of the Russian counterinsurgency by devising an analysis of indiscriminate and discriminate repressive tactics. It demonstrates that security agencies incorporated more selective uses of violence into their tactics, thereby reducing the number of indiscriminate violent actions to an insignificant level. Moreover, along with selective violence, security institutions reinforced their effort by conducting preventive work such as the detection of secret caches of weapons, seizures, and arrests. Findings regarding the current composition of repressive tactics are illustrated by means of new disaggregated media-based data that were especially collected and analyzed to form the basis of this research.

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Repress, coopt, persuade? Russia’s counterinsurgency warfare from Kabul to Kyiv

Krusch

2024

Small Wars & Insurgencies

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Insurgency-informed governance in the North Caucasus: observations from Chechnya, Dagestan, and Kabardino-Balkaria

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

The North Caucasus Region as a Blind Spot in the “European Green Deal”: Energy Supply Security and Energy Superpower Russia

The North Caucasus Region as a Blind Spot in the “European Green Deal”: Energy Supply Security and Energy Superpower Russia

Protecting the state: Russian repressive tactics in the North Caucasus

Repress, coopt, persuade? Russia’s counterinsurgency warfare from Kabul to Kyiv

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