Intake, digestibility, and rumen and metabolic characteristics of cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogen and different levels of starch

Franco, Márcia de Oliveira; Detmann, Edênio; Filho, Sebastião de Campos Valadares; Batista, Erick Darlisson; Rufino, Luana Marta de Almeida; Barbosa, Marcília Medrado; Lopes, Alexandre Ribeiro

doi:10.5713/ajas.16.0629

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Heifers fed PRO had a greater DMD compared to CON heifers. [40] reported supplementation as the main factor associated with increases in DMD. Therefore, because in the present study we did not observe a difference in NDFD between the CON and PRO treatments, supplement intake is likely responsible for the increase in DMD in the PRO compared to the CON animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation strategies affect the feed intake and performance of grazing replacement heifers

et al. 2019

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The literature lacks studies investigating the performance of supplemented replacement heifers grazing on intensively managed warm-season pasture. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of supplement composition (energetic or protein) on the performance, muscle development, thermogenisis, nutrient intake, and digestibility of replacement Holstein heifers grazing Mombaça grass. Eighteen Holstein heifers with an average age and initial body weight (BW) of 12.57 ± 2.54 mo and 218.76 ±47.6 kg, respectively, were submitted to a randomized block design, with six replicates on a rotational grazing system of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça pasture. Treatments were: control (CON; mineral salt ad libitum); energy supplement (ENE; corn meal as supplement, 8% CP and 3.78 Mcal/kg DE); and protein supplement (PRO; corn and soybean meal, 25% CP and 3.66 Mcal/kg DE). Supplements were individually fed at 0.5% BW. The experiment lasted 120 days, subdivided into three periods. Titanium dioxide and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) were used to estimate the intakes and digestibility of the nutrients. BW, wither height, thoracic circumference, body length, and ultrasound of ribeye fat thickness measurements were taken once per period. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed twice during the experiment. The MIXED procedure of SAS, including period as a repeated measure, was used and significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. Dry matter intake (DMI), CP intake (CPI) and DE intake were greater in heifers fed PRO compared to CON and ENE. Heifers supplemented with ENE had the lowest DMI. Treatment affected pasture intake/BW; it was similar between PRO and CON heifers, and lower for the ENE treatment. A treatment × period interaction was observed for NDF intake (%BW), in which heifers fed PRO and CON had the greatest NDF intake and ENE had the lowest. The digestibility of DM was the greatest in PRO-supplemented heifers and the lowest in CON heifers. Heifers fed ENE had decreased CP digestibility compared to PRO and CON heifers. Average daily gain (ADG) and thoracic circumference gain were greatest in the PRO treatment. BCS was greater in PRO compared to CON and ENE heifers. Supplementing Holstein heifers at 0.5% BW using PRO supplementation resulted in better animal performance, primarily greater ADG, than feeding ENE or not supplementing (CON). In conclusion, our results indicate that dairy heifers should be fed a protein supplement when grazing intensively managed Mombaça grass pasture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation strategies affect the feed intake and performance of grazing replacement heifers

et al. 2019

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“…Similarly, de Oliveira Franco et al. () found that N supplements with different starch levels supplied to a Brachiaria decumbens hay diet (7.4% CP) increased total DMI. Conversely, a partial substitution effect was also found when feeding ad libitum Chloris gayana hay supplemented with either cottonseed meal or fishmeal to Bos indicus cross‐bred steers (McLennan et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The large increase of DMI observed in Exp I for WS can be attributed to a positive effect of all tested protein supplements. Besides supplying a critical nutrient, N supplementation of very low‐quality roughages such as WS promotes rumen fibre degradation improving rate of passage (McCollum & Horn, ; Arelovich et al., ; Köster et al., ; Mathis et al., ; de Oliveira Franco et al., ; McLennan, Bolam, Kidd, Chandra, & Poppi, ). However, when forage CP content is greater than 7%, the benefit of supplementing protein on voluntary intake appears to be less significant (Mathis et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding value of whole raw soya beans as a protein supplement for beef cattle consuming low‐quality forages

Arelovich

Lagrange

Torre

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Experiments (Exp) I and II were conducted to compare raw whole soya beans (WSB), roasted (rWSB) or other protein sources as supplements of low-quality forages fed ad libitum to beef cattle, upon DM intake (DMI), ruminal and blood parameters, and animal performance. Exp I: treatments for wheat straw fed to four ruminally cannulated steers were (i) Control-WS: no supplement; (ii) WSB-WS: whole soya beans; (iii) rWSB-WS: roasted WSB; and (iv) SBM-WS: soybean meal-wheat midds mixture; all fed at 1.4 kg DM/day. Exp II: 12 steers grazed deferred grain sorghum (DS) receiving these treatments: (i) Control-DS: no supplement; (ii) WSB-DS: 1.26 kg DM/day whole soya beans; and (iii) SFM-DS: 1.35 kg DM/day of sunflower meal. In Exp I, WS DMI resulted 47, 52 and 41% greater for WSB-WS, rWSB-WS and SBM-WS, respectively, than Control-WS (p < .05). In Exp II, the DMI of DS was unaffected by supplementation; a substitution of DS by supplement was found for WSB-DS (p < .05); however, total diet and digestible DMI increased with supplementation (p < .05). Rumen pH in Exp I remained unaffected by supplementation, but N-NH as well as blood urea-N in Exp II increased (p < .05). In Exp II, average daily weight gains improved similarly with both supplements compared with Control-DS. Additionally, feed-to-gain ratio decreased (p < .05), being lower for WSB-DS (8.3) vs. SFM-DS (9.9). Roasting effects of WSB as a supplement for low-quality forages were not detected, and all protein sources increased total diet DMI and forage utilization. Only moderate cattle weight gains could be expected for unsupplemented DS.

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“…Also, the hindgut selects for microbes that can tolerate bile salts (73), which may inhibit many Gram-negative bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres and help to enrich Gram-positive bacteria such as Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (73). In Holstein steer, the foregut and hindgut microbiomes share only 30% of the species (17,20). Thus, in many aspects a fecal microbiome of cattle grazing tall fescue does not represent that of the corresponding rumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these findings do not truly represent the events occurring in the rumen for the following reasons. The feces and rumen harbor distinct microbiomes, sharing ~30% of the species (17,20). The study with the ewes involved the analysis of rumen fluid drawn via orogastric tube insertion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Remodeling of Cattle Rumen Microbiome bySchedonorus arundinaceus(Tall Fescue) KY-31 Carrying a Fungal Endophyte

Khairunisa

Susanti

Loganathan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Tall fescue KY-31 feeds ~20% of the beef cattle in the United States. It carries a fungal endophyte that produces ergovaline, which causes toxicosis in cattle, leading to $2 billion revenue loss annually. The MaxQ cultivar of the grass is non-toxic, but less attractive economically. To develop ways of mitigating the toxicity, the rumen microbiome of cattle consuming KY-31 and MaxQ have been analyzed, principally for identifying ergovaline transforming microorganisms and often using fecal microbiome as a surrogate. We have hypothesized that KY-31 not only causes toxicosis, but also impacts rumen metabolism broadly, and tested the hypothesis by analyzing rumen microbiome compositions of cattle that grazed MaxQ with an intervening KY-31 grazing period with 16S rRNA-V4 element as identifier. We found that KY-31 remodeled the cellulolytic and saccharolytic communities substantially. This effect was not evident at whole microbiome levels but in the compositions of sessile and planktonic fractions. A move from MaxQ to KY-31 lowered the Firmicutes abundance in the sessile fraction and increased it in planktonic part and caused an opposite effect for Bacteroidetes, although the total abundances of these dominant rumen organisms remained unchanged. In the sessile fraction, the abundances of Fibrobacter, which degrades less degradable fibers, and certain cellulolytic Firmicutes such as Pseudobutyrivibrio and Butyrivibrio 2, dropped, and these losses were apparently compensated by increased occurrences of Eubacterium and specific Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. In planktonic fraction the Tenericutes’ abundance increased as saccharolytic Bacteroidetes’ level dropped. Several potential ergovaline degraders were enriched. A return to MaxQ restored the original Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes distributions. However, the Fibrobacter and Butyrivibrio 2 abundances remained low and their substitutes maintained significant presence. The rumen microbiome was influenced minimally by animals’ fescue toxicosis and was distinct from previously reported fecal microbiomes in composition. In summary, KY-31 and MaxQ cultivars of tall fescue were digested in the cattle rumen with distinct consortia and the KY-31-specific features were dominant. The study highlighted the importance of analyzing sessile and planktonic fractions separately.

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Intake, digestibility, and rumen and metabolic characteristics of cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogen and different levels of starch

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Supplementation strategies affect the feed intake and performance of grazing replacement heifers

Supplementation strategies affect the feed intake and performance of grazing replacement heifers

Feeding value of whole raw soya beans as a protein supplement for beef cattle consuming low‐quality forages

Dominant Remodeling of Cattle Rumen Microbiome bySchedonorus arundinaceus(Tall Fescue) KY-31 Carrying a Fungal Endophyte

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