Integrated proteomic analysis of Brachypodium distachyon roots and leaves reveals a synergistic network in the response to drought stress and recovery

Abstract

In this study, we performed the first integrated physiological and proteomic analysis of the response to drought and recovery from drought, using Brachypodium distachyon L. Roots and leaves. Drought stress resulted in leaves curling, root tips becoming darker in color and significant changes in some physiological parameters. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) identified 78 and 98 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 68 and 73 unique proteins responding to drought stress and/or recovery in roots and leaves, respectively. Differences between the root and leaf proteome were most marked for photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and protein metabolism. In particular, some DAPs involved in energy and protein metabolism had contrasting accumulation patterns in roots and leaves. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of roots and leaves revealed complex protein interaction networks that can generate synergistic responses to drought stress and during recovery from drought. Transcript analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated the differential expression of key proteins involved in the PPI network. Our integrated physiological and proteomic analysis provides evidence for a synergistic network involved in responses to drought and active during recovery from drought, in Brachypodium roots and leaves.Plants encounter a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses during growth 1 . These stresses unbalance cellular homeostasis and lead to morphological, physiological, and molecular changes 2 . These changes have a negative impact on survival and biomass production, and can reduce final yield by up to 82% 3 . Global warming and climate change may also be exacerbating the effects of abiotic stresses on crop production in many areas of the world today. Previous reports have suggested that a temperature increase of 1 °C can produce a decrease in yield of up to 10% 4 . Drought in particular, severely impairs plant growth and development and limits crop productivity more than any other environmental factor 5,6 . As the climate continues to change, drought may become a more frequent and cause severe problem 7 . Drought stress induces a range of physiological and biochemical responses in plants. Under drought conditions, the plant root cap produces abscisic acid (ABA), which mediates stomatal closure. This in turn, suppresses cell growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and respiration [8][9][10] . Recently, ABA and stomata have been implicated in the regulation of systemic responses to abiotic stresses 11 . In addition, plants generate toxic ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can decrease enzyme activities and damage essential proteins 12 . The generation of ROS occurs early in the response to water-stress, and ROS are key secondary messengers triggering subsequent defensive measures in plants 1,[13][14][15] . Plants have developed a sophisticated and elaborate system for scavenging high levels of ROS using antioxidant enzymes that include superoxid...

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“…In addition, that the PRs, like the S6, participates directly in the translational regulation (Morimoto et al, 2002). As we have been describing, it has been widely documented that the RPs have extra-ribosomal functions related to the response to abiotic stress such as salinity, cold and drought in O. sativa , where the RPs have been reported: RPS4, RPS7, RPS8, RPS9, RPS10, RPS19, RPS26, RPL2, RPL5, RPL18, RPL44; RPS13, RPS6 and RPL3; while in G. max and B. distachyon it was reported to RPL27, respectively (Kawasaki et al, 2001, Kim et al, 2004, Bian et al, 2017). In the vanilla transcriptome in response to Fusarium , we found most of these RPs, related to abiotic stress, described above, except for RPL2, RPS18 and RPL44, all showing their induction.…”

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