Integrated Valorization of Desalination Brine through NaOH Recovery: Opportunities and Challenges

Kumar, Amit; Phillips, Katherine R.; Cai, Janny; Schröder, Uwe; Lienhard, John H.

doi:10.1002/anie.201810469

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The economic value of these recovered products could offset the operational cost of ZLD processes, making this a promising avenue to lower the LCOW. 58 , 93 , 94 However, this aspect of water treatment is in its infancy—with a wide variability in the possible resources that can be extracted, geographic considerations, and extraction techniques (membrane-based vs. adsorption, etc. ), as well as the lack of literature on potential valorization costs—and is not considered in this study.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed desalination using solar energy: A technoeconomic framework to decarbonize nontraditional water treatment

Menon¹,

Jia²,

Kaur³

et al. 2023

iScience

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Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed desalination using solar energy: A technoeconomic framework to decarbonize nontraditional water treatment

Menon¹,

Jia²,

Kaur³

et al. 2023

iScience

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“…At present, the ZLD strategy involves (1) concentrating wastewater by reverse osmosis (RO) or membrane filtration, [ 14 ] and (2) separating the salt as a solid by thermal evaporative crystallization. [ 15 ] However, the membranes for RO are expensive and need frequent replacement. [ 16 ] Furthermore, with the increasing salinity of feedwater, the operating pressure and the energy consumption of the RO system increase significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Evaporator with a T‐Shape Design for High‐Performance Solar‐Driven Zero‐Liquid Discharge

Jin

Duan

et al. 2021

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Solar‐driven evaporation is regarded as a sustainable wastewater treatment strategy for clean water recovery and salt condensation. However, achieving both high evaporation rate and long‐term stability remain challenging due to poor thermal management and rapid salt accumulation and blocking. Here, a T‐shape solar‐driven evaporator, composed of a surface‐carbonized longitudinal wood membrane (C‐L‐wood) is demonstrated as the top “” for solar harvesting/vapor generation/salt collection and another piece of natural L‐wood as the support “” for brine transporting and thermally insulating. The horizontally aligned micro‐channels of C‐L‐wood have a low perpendicular thermal conductivity and can effectively localize the thermal energy for rapid evaporation. Meanwhile, the brine is guided to transport from the support L‐wood (“”) to the centerline of the top evaporator and then toward the double edge (“”), during which clean water is evaporated and salt is crystallized at the edge. The T‐shape evaporator demonstrates a high evaporation rate of 2.43 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun irradiation, and is stable for 7 days of the outdoor operation, which simultaneously realizes clean water evaporation and salt collection (including Cu2+, CrO42−, Co2+), and achieves zero‐liquid discharge. Therefore, the T‐shape design provides an effective strategy for high performance wastewater treatment.

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“…BMED makes it possible to produce base from RO brine, unlike the chloride-alkali industry, which requires pure NaCl solutions . Direct electrodialysis, which requires a special electrode material, is currently at the proof-of-concept stage and has not been tested with real RO brine . Therefore, BMED has the potential to be a scalable solution for acid and base production using RO brine .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Direct electrodialysis, which requires a special electrode material, is currently at the proof-ofconcept stage and has not been tested with real RO brine. 27 Therefore, BMED has the potential to be a scalable solution for acid and base production using RO brine. 28 However, almost all of the studies focused on synthetic solutions or seawater RO brine, and no systematic studies exist on the use of brackish water RO brine to produce acid and base by the BMED process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Brackish Water RO Brine via Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

Zhao

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Due to the demand for acid and base in brackish water reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants located in remote areas and the difficulty of transporting acid and base, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) was employed to convert brackish water RO brine into acid and base on site. The effects of operating parameters (i.e., initial salt content, current density, content of electrode solution, and initial HCl and NaOH contents) on the BMED performance for batch processing of brackish water RO brine were investigated with NaCl solutions. The operating conditions were optimized via the response surface methodology. Using the actual RO concentrate from a brackish water desalination plant as the feed solution for BMED after softening pretreatment, an acid of 0.7 mol/L and a base of 0.6 mol/L were produced in three BMED cycles, and the salt content in the feed compartment decreased from 19.8 to 4.1 g/L in each cycle. While the acid and base produced on site can be used for membrane cleaning and pH adjustment of the RO influent water, the residual salt solution from the BMED can be pumped to the RO system to maximize utilization of the water resources. The purities of the acid and base produced were 91.1 and 97.2%, respectively, and the total process cost was estimated at $1.69/kg NaOH.

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Integrated Valorization of Desalination Brine through NaOH Recovery: Opportunities and Challenges

Cited by 35 publications

References 71 publications

Distributed desalination using solar energy: A technoeconomic framework to decarbonize nontraditional water treatment

Distributed desalination using solar energy: A technoeconomic framework to decarbonize nontraditional water treatment

Anisotropic Evaporator with a T‐Shape Design for High‐Performance Solar‐Driven Zero‐Liquid Discharge

Treatment of Brackish Water RO Brine via Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

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