Integrating Numerical Models in River Basin Management Plans: The Freewat Project

Abstract

The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the achievement of good status in the water environment through the implementation of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP). The long-term impact of these plans and their contribution to the achievement of good status is however generally difficult to predict and quantify, thus presenting an important constraint in this planning process. Numerical models are a tool which can enable water managers to predict the effective impact of measures on a water-body scale, and therefore enable a more reliable assessment of the effectiveness of the plan in achieving the set objectives. The FREEWAT Project aims at the development of an open source and public domain GIS integrated modelling environment for the simulation of water quantity and quality in surface water and groundwater bodies. One of the pilot initiatives under this project focuses on the island of Gozo (Malta) where the FREEWAT modelling environment is being used for the development of a numerical model of the mean sea-level groundwater body present in this island. This paper assesses the integration of this numerical model in the river basin management framework of the island, in support of the achievement of the good status objectives for this groundwater body. The paper focuses on the application of the FREEWAT based numerical model for the assessment of the impact of the groundwater management strategies envisaged under Malta's 2 nd RBMP on the quantitative status of the groundwater body. Furthermore, it provides an outlook on the application of the model to assess the response of the groundwater body to changing natural conditions arising due to the projected impact of climate change. In so doing, the modelling framework provides water managers the opportunity to consider within the basin river management framework the necessary flexibilities to ensure the continued achievement of the WFD's objectives under future scenarios.

Electrical Resistivity Anomalies Offshore a Carbonate Coastline: Evidence for Freshened Groundwater?

“…[2010]; b: Cassar [2010]; c: Cooke et al. [2018]; d: Bakalowicz and Mangion [2003]; e: Sapiano, Schembri, Debattista, and Theuma [2017] and Sapiano, Schembri, and Debattista [2017]; f: ERA [2015]) and combined with measured data obtained from core samples (porosity, hydraulic conductivity, density, and resistivity) and P‐wave velocities measured within borehole BH3 using a three‐component geophone and hydrophone streamer with an offset of 10.6 m. UCL‐T and LCL‐X are incomplete due to insufficient saturation during laboratory measurements, indicating low permeability. Computed porosities derived from the ratio of saturated water volume to sample volume coincide well with literature values, whereas measured hydraulic conductivities are several orders of magnitude smaller.…”

Spatial Data Management and Numerical Modelling: Demonstrating the Application of the QGIS-Integrated FREEWAT Platform at 13 Case Studies for Tackling Groundwater Resource Management

“…The MSLA system takes the shape of a freshwater lens floating above saltwater. The occurrence of groundwater abstractions threatens the hydrodynamic balance at the saltwater/freshwater interface, triggering intrusion of saltwater [44]. According to Malta's 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan (WCMP) [45], the Gozo MSLA system is in poor quantitative status and a deep assessment of its evolution in response to climate change and overexploitation is necessary, in order to identify management strategies to fulfil WCMP requirements.…”

The Impact of Predicted Climate Change on Groundwater Resources in a Mediterranean Archipelago: A Modelling Study of the Maltese Islands

“…Hydraulic conductivity, porosity and specific storage of the geological formations outcropping across the Maltese Islands (average values)[33,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”