Integrating Reduced Herbicide Use with Mechanical Weeding in Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>)

Mulder, Thomas A.; Doll, Jerry D.

doi:10.1017/s0890037x00027779

Cited by 86 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…According to the results of our trials we conclude that, in the case of broadcast application the reduction of herbicide doses by 10-25% could be advised to farmers, if weed population consists of less than 100 plants per m 2 . Our findings are similar to the results of some researchers (Mulder and Doll 1993, Rola et al 1999, Zhang et al 2000 who also report that 15-30% reductions of herbicide doses could be advised to maize producers when they have to control moderate weed populations and maize has good competitive ability.…”

Section: Hoce 2001supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The main possibilities from them are: use of lowered doses of herbicides (Mulder and Doll 1993, Rola et al 1999), use of banded instead of broadcast application (Hamil and Zhang 1995, Heydel et al 1999), banded application combined with between-row mowing (Donald et al 2001), intensification of mechanical weed control methods combined with reduced doses Weide 1999, 2000), use of technology of living or dead mulch and cover crops (Ammon et al 1995, Barberi 1997, weed flaming, use of mycoherbicides, patch spraying, changed seeding systems and mixed crops (Froud-Williams 1995, Ammon 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are intensively studying the possibilities to reduce the herbicide use in maize production. In literature, many possibilities for reaching that goal are presented.The main possibilities from them are: use of lowered doses of herbicides (Mulder and Doll 1993, Rola et al 1999), use of banded instead of broadcast application (Hamil and Zhang 1995, Heydel et al 1999), banded application combined with between-row mowing (Donald et al 2001), intensification of mechanical weed control methods combined with reduced doses Weide 1999, 2000), use of technology of living or dead mulch and cover crops (Ammon et al 1995, Barberi 1997, weed flaming, use of mycoherbicides, patch spraying, changed seeding systems and mixed crops (Froud-Williams 1995, Ammon 1997).None of them are completely suitable for ecological and economical situations in all countries around the world. The use of lowered herbicide doses is the simplest way for reducing herbicide use without changing the production technology significantly.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The impact of maize stand density on herbicide efficiency

Lešnik

2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The impact of maize stand density (4, 8 and 12 plants per m 2 ) on herbicide efficiency (in %) and cob yield loss (in %) was studied in four field trials. The mixture of soil-applied herbicides (HS) isoxaflutole and S-metolachlor and the mixture of foliar-applied herbicides (HF) dicamba and rimsulfuron was applied in two dosages (100 and 75% of dose recommended by manufacturers). The 100% dose of HS was (75 g isoxaflutole + 960 ml S-metolachlor) per ha and 100% dose of HF was (12.5 g rimsulfuron + 240 ml dicamba) per ha. In all four trials, the studied factors (stand density, herbicide type and dose) had significant impact on herbicide efficiency and on maize cob yield loss. The herbicide efficiency decreased significantly, when herbicides were applied to maize of lower stand density and the maize yield losses increased. When weed population was composed predominantly of annual seed weeds higher efficiency was obtained by HS herbicides, conversely, when the weed population was composed predominantly of perennial weeds the HF herbicides provided better control. The reduction of herbicide dose always caused the significant reduction in herbicide efficiency and increase in maize yield loss.Keywords: maize; stand density; yield loss; herbicide efficiency; isoxaflutole; S-metolachlor; dicamba; rimsulfuron An enormous increase in public concern for the protection of the environment and increased awareness of pesticide residues in food and water, have necessitated a renewed appraisal of current crop production systems for all crops. In Slovenia maize is the most important field crop and the most problematic from an ecological point of view (herbicide residues in ground water). We are intensively studying the possibilities to reduce the herbicide use in maize production. In literature, many possibilities for reaching that goal are presented.The main possibilities from them are: use of lowered doses of herbicides (Mulder and Doll 1993, Rola et al. 1999), use of banded instead of broadcast application (Hamil and Zhang 1995, Heydel et al. 1999), banded application combined with between-row mowing (Donald et al. 2001), intensification of mechanical weed control methods combined with reduced doses Weide 1999, 2000), use of technology of living or dead mulch and cover crops (Ammon et al. 1995, Barberi 1997, weed flaming, use of mycoherbicides, patch spraying, changed seeding systems and mixed crops (Froud-Williams 1995, Ammon 1997).None of them are completely suitable for ecological and economical situations in all countries around the world. The use of lowered herbicide doses is the simplest way for reducing herbicide use without changing the production technology significantly. Slovenian farmers often search for information on methods for weed suppression with lowered herbicide doses. In literature, we can find interesting information on possibilities of drastic reduction of herbicide doses without causing the significant increase in maize yield losses. Most reports present cognitions that doses of herbicide can ...

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Section: Hoce 2001supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of maize stand density on herbicide efficiency

Lešnik

2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…Cultivation, alone, often does not provide adequate weed control, but the combination of cultivation plus banded herbicide in the crop row has controlled weeds and permitted production of crop yields equivalent to those obtained with broadcast herbicides (Buhler et al, 1994(Buhler et al, , 1995Hanna et al, 2000;Hartzler et al, 1993;Mulder and Doll, 1993;Mt. Pleasant et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical versus herbicidal strategies for killing a hairy vetch cover crop and controlling weeds in minimum-tillage corn production

Teasdale¹,

Rosecrance

2003

Am J Alt Ag

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0889189300000503How to cite this article: John R. Teasdale and Richard C. Rosecrance (2003). Mechanical versus herbicidal strategies for killing a hairy vetch cover crop and controlling weeds in minimum-tillage corn production.Abstract. The development of production systems that provide the benefits of reduced tillage and also reduce or eliminate herbicide inputs presents a challenge to practitioners of sustainable agriculture. This research was conducted to evaluate management approaches for minimum-tillage corn production in a hairy vetch cover crop, specifically, mechanical versus herbicidal methods for pre-plant cover-crop kill and for post-emergence control of emerged weeds. Pre-plant treatments included 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] plus residual herbicides, 2,4-D alone, flail mower, corn stalk chopper, light disk and heavy disk. The pre-plant herbicide treatments were followed by a post-emergence treatment of dicamba, whereas the pre-plant mechanical treatments were followed by post-emergence cultivation, as needed, for weed control. The mechanical treatments that kept residue on the soil surface (mower, stalk chopper and light disk) killed hairy vetch when it was flowering, but not when vegetative. The herbicide treatment with pre-plant 2,4-D alone, followed by dicamba post-emergence, controlled annual broadleaf weeds (the dominant species in these experiments) similarly to treatment with 2,4-D plus residual herbicides, suggesting that residual herbicides may be eliminated in cover-crop-based no-tillage systems. The pre-plant mechanical treatments followed by cultivation did not control annual broadleaf weeds as well as herbicide treatments, but did maintain final populations below threshold levels in two of four experiments. The stalk chopper and light disk left high levels of vetch residue on the soil surface, and reduced initial broadleaf weed populations compared with the heavy disk that incorporated residue. However, broadleaf weed populations were reduced with less efficiency by cultivation of untilled soil following the stalk chopper or light disk (38-69%) than by cultivation of tilled soil following the heavy disk (87-95%). Thus, although maintaining surface cover-crop residue without tillage initially reduced weed emergence, it also reduced the efficiency of cultivation, leading to similar final weed populations in all mechanical-based, pre-plant treatments.

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“…Although the field experiment was performed with no form of external weed control, we accounted for the effects of postemergence weed control on weed seedling survival by setting seedling survival ( p ) at 10% for the deterministic simulation, and varying p between 2.5% and 20% for the stochastic simulation. These values of p fall within a range that is realistic for field crop production systems (Buhler et al 1992, Mulder andDoll 1993).…”

Section: Fig 1 Life Cycle Ofmentioning

confidence: 61%

Using Matrix Models to Determine Cropping System Effects on Annual Weed Demography

Davis

Dixon

Liebman

2004

Ecological Applications

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The design of most agricultural systems ignores the possibility that cropping system characteristics may affect weed population dynamics by altering key demographic rates of weeds. We examined legume green manure and tillage timing effects upon giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) demography with prospective and retrospective perturbation analyses of a periodic matrix population model. Demographic data were collected for S. faberi grown in a wheat-corn-soybean crop sequence in the central USA in 2000 and 2001, with either a wheat solecrop (W) or wheat/red clover crop mixture (R) in the wheat phase. Wheat phase residues were incorporated either in fall (FT) or spring (ST) to form four cropping system treatments: FT/W, FT/R, ST/W, and ST/R. Demographic rates estimated from the field data included seed survival from October to March and March to October, seedling recruitment, plant survival, fecundity, and seed predation. The variable efficacy of postemergence weed control was modeled by varying the proportion of seedlings surviving to reproductive maturity from 0.025 to 0.20. Deterministic simulations indicated that there was both interannual and management-induced variation in S. faberi population growth rate. Stochastic population growth rate depended upon an interaction between legume green manure and tillage-timing effects, such that stochastic population growth rate was lowest for fall-tilled wheat and red clover, greater for fall-tilled wheat, and greatest for both spring-tilled management regimes. Within the fall-tilled regime, the cropping system (wheat vs. wheat plus clover) had a greater influence on relative rates of stochastic population growth as plant survival increased. However, plant survival did not affect the stochastic population growth rates in the spring-tilled treatments. Elasticity analysis suggested that seed survival through the winter, fecundity, and the proportion of seeds escaping predation were important driving variables for this system. Retrospective perturbation analysis supported these results but also indicated that fecundity and predation levels varied more in response to changing management treatments than winter seed survival, leading to their having a greater influence on differences in population growth among the four management treatments. Perturbation analyses of matrix population models will aid the development of integrated weed-management systems by elucidating cropping-system effects upon weed demography. Abstract. The design of most agricultural systems ignores the possibility that cropping system characteristics may affect weed population dynamics by altering key demographic rates of weeds. We examined legume green manure and tillage timing effects upon giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) demography with prospective and retrospective perturbation analyses of a periodic matrix population model. Demographic data were collected for S. faberi grown in a wheat-corn-soybean crop sequence in the central USA in 2000 and 2001, with either a wheat sole-crop (W) or wheat/red clover...

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Integrating Reduced Herbicide Use with Mechanical Weeding in Corn (Zea mays)

Cited by 86 publications

References 8 publications

The impact of maize stand density on herbicide efficiency

The impact of maize stand density on herbicide efficiency

Mechanical versus herbicidal strategies for killing a hairy vetch cover crop and controlling weeds in minimum-tillage corn production

Using Matrix Models to Determine Cropping System Effects on Annual Weed Demography

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