Integration of batteries into a modular multilevel converter

Schroeder, Markus; Henninger, Stefan K.; Jaeger, Johann; Ras, Andreja; Rubenbauer, Hubert; Leu, Holger

doi:10.1109/epe.2013.6634328

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition, low-voltage battery packs can directly be integrated into the modules [5]. The high power-conversion efficiency makes these systems very attractive [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault-tolerant operation of the modular multilevel converter in an energy storage system based on split batteries

Hillers

Biela

2014

2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications

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This paper proposes a new control structure to operate a split-battery energy storage system (sBESS) based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) in case of multiple module faults. Energy can be shifted independently between the arms to achieve an equal power draw from all batteries and an equalization of their state-of-charge, even in case of fault. Because this operating mode requires the converter to drive additional balancing currents through its arms, this has an influence on the design, which is discussed in detail. Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and confirm the design considerations.

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“…In addition, low-voltage battery packs can directly be integrated into the modules [5]. The high power-conversion efficiency makes these systems very attractive [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault-tolerant operation of the modular multilevel converter in an energy storage system based on split batteries

Hillers

Biela

2014

2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications

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“…Both of these topologies have attracted research interest over the last couple of years [7]. An evaluation between the two topologies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] in terms of conversion efficiency shows that MMC-based solutions perform slightly better compared to the CHB counterparts [4]. However, the high semiconductor and capacitance requirements, as well as more complicated voltage and energy balancing of MMCs [8,9] make the CHB a more competitive and practical application in dedicated ESS applications [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of any kind of energy storage elements in the SMs of the MMC necessitates additional controllers for energy balancing between the SMs, the arms, phase-legs and ESS within the converter [15][16][17], as well as considerations for the SoC of the integrated batteries [18,19]. Operational aspects of MMC-based ESSs have also been investigated in the current literature, with [20] demonstrating the fault-ride through (FRT) capabilities of the converter and [21] investigating its fault-tolerant capacity and the limitations in real and reactive power capabilities with faulty or isolated ESS SMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter with Partial Embedded Energy Storage

et al. 2016

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Modular and cascaded multilevel converters provide a functional solution for the integration of energy storage systems (ESSs). This paper develops a hybrid multilevel converter based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) that can be functionally extended with partial embedded ESS as a fraction of the overall converter power rating. The configuration, which can operate as a typical DC-AC converter, enables multi-directional power flow between the DC-and AC-side of the converter, as well as the embedded energy storage elements. The use of a three-phase flying-capacitor submodule eliminates the second-order harmonic oscillations present in modular cascaded multilevel converters. Current, voltage and power control are discussed in the paper while simulation results illustrate the operation of the hybrid MMC as a DC-AC converter in a typical inverter application and the additional functions and control of the embedded ESS.

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“…To solve this, the battery can be connected to the submodule using an active interface (DC-DC converter), which can mitigate theses components and provide a fixed DC output, allowing safe battery connection. This method needs an additional DC-DC converter and sophisticated control tuned properly with the MMC control loops [2]. Additionally, if a DC load is present, a separate DC-DC converter is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is done by controlling the common-mode- voltage, injecting circulating current at fundamental frequency and index modulation respectively. All these controllers are employed in a regular MMC to ensure balanced submodule capacitors and are adapted to the case of battery balancing in [2] and [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating battery into MMC submodule using passive technique

Wersland

Acharya

Norum

2017

2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)

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Abstract-The modular structure and the many other advantages of the Modular Multilevel Converter makes it an attractive converter for Battery Energy Storage Systems, allowing the battery units to be distributed throughout the convert, connected in each submodule. However, such an arrangement results in large oscillating components in the battery current, which is harmful to battery performance and lifetime. In most literature this is solved using DC-DC converters as active interfaces between battery and submodule. This paper investigates a passive filter arrangement as an alternative solution to the DC-DC converters. Where the batteries are interfaced with the submodules using a passive filter that suppresses the fundamental component and control technique that injects circulating current to suppress second harmonic component. It is concluded that this passive technique could be an attractive solution especially where high reliability is of concern.

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Integration of batteries into a modular multilevel converter

Cited by 48 publications

References 4 publications

Fault-tolerant operation of the modular multilevel converter in an energy storage system based on split batteries

Fault-tolerant operation of the modular multilevel converter in an energy storage system based on split batteries

A Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter with Partial Embedded Energy Storage

Integrating battery into MMC submodule using passive technique

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