Integration of insect sterility and insecticides for control of <i>Glossina morsitans morsitans</i> Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Tanzania. II. Methods of sterilisation, transportation and release of sterilised males

Williamson, D. L.; Baumgartner, H.; Mtuya, A. G.; Gates, D. B.; Cobb, P. E.; Dame, David A.

doi:10.1017/s0007485300008853

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the 1970 and 1980’s, the sterile insect technique (SIT) was used in feasibility studies against populations of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood in Zimbabwe and Tanzania, Glossina tachinoides Westwood in Chad and Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank in Burkina Faso [13–19]. The first eradication campaign that integrated the use of radiation-sterilized adult male tsetse with suppression methods such as insecticide-impregnated targets, was implemented against Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead, G .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of radiation sensitivity and mating performance of Glossina brevipalpis males

et al. 2017

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BackgroundArea-wide integrated pest management strategies that include a sterile insect technique component have been successfully used to eradicate tsetse fly populations in the past. To ensure the success of the sterile insect technique, the released males must be adequately sterile and be able to compete with their native counterparts in the wild.Methodology/Principal findingsIn the present study the radiation sensitivity of colonised Glossina brevipalpis Newstead (Diptera; Glossinidae) males, treated either as adults or pupae, was assessed. The mating performance of the irradiated G. brevipalpis males was assessed in walk-in field cages. Glossina brevipalpis adults and pupae were highly sensitive to irradiation, and a dose of 40 Gy and 80 Gy induced 93% and 99% sterility respectively in untreated females that mated with males irradiated as adults. When 37 to 41 day old pupae were exposed to a dose of 40 Gy, more than 97% sterility was induced in untreated females that mated with males derived from irradiated pupae. Males treated as adults with a dose up to 80 Gy were able to compete successfully with untreated fertile males for untreated females in walk-in field cages.Conclusions/SignificanceThe data emanating from this field cage study indicates that, sterile male flies derived from the colony of G. brevipalpis maintained at the Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute in South Africa are potential good candidates for a campaign that includes a sterile insect technique component. This would need to be confirmed by open field studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of radiation sensitivity and mating performance of Glossina brevipalpis males

et al. 2017

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“…The colony, fed primarily on goats, was increased to a strength of about 60 000 in order to conduct an experimental SIT trial. Of those males produced, 28% were returned to the parent colonies and the remainder were sterilised by exposure to 118 krad in a 137 Cs gamma radiation unit in the puparial stage and transported to the field for release (Williamson et al, 19836). By careful manipulation of the puparial storage temperature and exposure to radiation in a nitrogen atmosphere, the emergence of the sterile adults was conditioned to occur synchronously a few minutes after being placed in the release station.…”

Section: ' L Williamson D a Dame D B Gates P E Cobb B Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of insect sterility and insecticides for control of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Tanzania. V. The impact of sequential releases of sterilised tsetse flies

Williamson¹,

Dame²,

Gates³

et al. 1983

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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A field trial of the sterile insect technique was conducted in Tanzania using males of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. that were reared, irradiated and packaged at Tanga. The experimental site was a 195-km 2 area 110 km to the south. Following two applications of endosulfan as an aerosol at an interval of 28 days, irradiated puparia of G. m. morsitans were released twice weekly at stations distributed throughout the experimental site. Each of the 120 release stations was serviced every 14 days with puparia which produced sterile adults synchronously within 30 min after placement. Over the 15-month experimental period, an average of 81 % control of G. m. morsitans was obtained, whereas G. pallidipes Aust., against which no releases were carried out, recovered to prespray levels within five months. The released sterile insects were found to be highly competitive and to survive well in the field. Immigration of indigenous flies from outside the perimeter barrier surrounding the experimental plot provided a continuous influx of fertile flies that provided the nucleus of the 19% residual population. Under operational conditions, the prevention of migration should result in the elimination of^an indigenous G. m. morsitans population subjected to the combined stress of population reduction by two applications of endosulfan aerosols and sequential releases of sterile males.

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“…Thus Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) which involves sustained and systematic release of sterile males over a period of about 3-4 years, was considered as another option to complement conventional techniques and mop-up the remaining population to achieve eradication (Feldmann and Hendrichs, 2001). The technique requires establishment of tsetse mass rearing facilities to produce tsetse flies in a larger number under artificial environment (Williamson et al, 1983). A more successful mass rearing of G.austeni , maintained on blood collected from animals in slaughter house, was achieved in Tanga, Tanzania, with eradication of the species from an Island of Unguja, Zanzibar, using SIT (Vreysen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effect of horse blood supplemented with human blood and vitamin on the performance of <i>Glossina morsitans morsitans </i> colony

Kapitano¹

2015

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of horse blood supplemented with human blood and vitamin on the performance of Glossina morsitans morsitans colony. Three feeding groups were established and a total of 144 female G. m. morsitans flies were assigned to each group. The first group was entirely maintained on defibrinated horse blood, while the second and third groups fed horse blood with one feed per week on human blood and vitamin supplement respectively. The result of the study showed no difference in mortality between the flies fed human blood and vitamin supplement (p = 0.807) but vitamin supplement (p = 0.002) and human blood supplement (p = 0.006) produced significantly greater mortalities than the horse blood. The flies fed horse blood performed better than human blood supplement and vitamin supplement in terms of female survival (p=0.002), pupal weight (p< 0.001) and emergence (p = 0.029). Abortion was low throughout and not significantly different (p = 0.548) between the three feeding groups. Similarly no difference was found in pupae production between the flies fed horse blood and human blood supplement but both of these produced significantly more pupae than vitamin supplement (p = 0.002). The flies fed human blood supplement produced large numbers of pupae but of lighter weight and with low emergence. The emergence of the flies from the pupae produced by the flies fed horse blood, vitamin supplement and human blood were 97.2%, 91.1% and 90.1% respectively. According to the study, horse blood was the best diet of the three and recommended for colony feeding while human blood supplement is nutritionally poor. On the other hand, vitamin supplement did not improve the nutritional quality of horse blood, but on balance deteriorated the nutritional quality of the meal.

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Integration of insect sterility and insecticides for control of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Tanzania. II. Methods of sterilisation, transportation and release of sterilised males

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of radiation sensitivity and mating performance of Glossina brevipalpis males

Evaluation of radiation sensitivity and mating performance of Glossina brevipalpis males

Integration of insect sterility and insecticides for control of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Tanzania. V. The impact of sequential releases of sterilised tsetse flies

Evaluation of the effect of horse blood supplemented with human blood and vitamin on the performance of <i>Glossina morsitans morsitans </i> colony

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