Integration of Polyethersulfone and Hydroxyapatite Nanofiltration Membrane for Vanillic Acid Separation

Abstract

In this work, the integration of polyethersulfone and hydroxyapatite was studied for vanillic acid separation. The polyethersulfone membranes were modified with hydroxyapatite via in-situ approach in order to enhance the performance of the membrane. The membranes were further characterized concerning permeability, morphology, membrane structural details, porosity and contact angle. The addition of hydroxyapatite in mixed matrix membrane increased the permeation rate from 19.05 L/m2.hr up to 95.76 L/m2.hr due to the increasing of hydrophilicity. The membrane permeability coefficients lie in the range of 1.909 – 10.05 L/m2.hr.bar which were nanofiltration range. The performances of the membrane exhibited higher rejection which showed the vanillic acid rejection up to 69.88% for modified membrane.

Tailor‐made FAU zeolite composite membrane for wastewater treatment

“…The solute rejection performance of zeolite membrane for vanillic acid, phenol, and brilliant green increased slowly with time to reach the maximum percentage removal of 78.67%, 89.13%, and 94.285%, respectively (Exhibit 7). The electrostatic interaction between solute and membrane surface was the main reason for efficient removal of vanillic acid, phenol, and brilliant green (Donkadokula et al., 2020; Kumar & Pal, 2013; Rahman et al., 2017). The permeate flux and separation efficiency of the FAU zeolite composite membrane is more as well as comparable with literature reported membranes (Exhibit 8) which are also synthesized using expensive methods and precursors.…”

“…At this pH, vanillic acid exhibits in dissociated form which has electrostatic repulsion with the membrane surface. This electrostatic repulsion effect retains 78.67% of vanillic acid molecules on the retentate side itself (Exhibit 9a) (Li et al., 2015; Mota et al., 2019; Rahman et al., 2017). A similar type of separation was reported by Li et al.…”