Intelligent anticancer drug delivery performances of two poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based magnetite nanohydrogels

Abstract

This article evaluates the anticancer drug delivery performances of two nanohydrogels composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic anhydride) [P(NIPAAm-co-IA)], poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and FeO nanoparticles. For this purpose, the magnetite nanohydrogels (MNHGs) were loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as a universal anticancer drug. The morphologies and magnetic properties of the DOX-loaded MNHGs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The sizes and zeta potentials (ξ) of the MNHGs and their corresponding DOX-loaded nanosystems were also investigated. The DOX-loaded MNHGs showed the highest drug release values at condition of 41 °C and pH 5.3. The drug-loaded MNHGs at physiological condition (pH 7.4 and 37 °C) exhibited negligible drug release values. In vitro cytotoxic effects of the DOX-loaded MNHGs were extensively evaluated through the assessing survival rate of HeLa cells using the MTT assay, and there in vitro cellular uptake into the mentioned cell line were examined using fluorescent microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) flow cytometry analyses. As the results, the DOX-loaded MNHG1 exhibited higher anticancer drug delivery performance in the terms of cytotoxic effect and in vitro cellular uptake. Thus, the developed MNHG1 can be considered as a promising de novo drug delivery system, in part due to its pH and thermal responsive drug release behavior as well as proper magnetite character toward targeted drug delivery.

Mineral medicine: from traditional drugs to multifunctional delivery systems

“…Except for microspheres and liposomes, Fe 3 O 4 NPs can also be designed as other preparations, including gels, vaccines, and aerosols. Nahid and other researchers designed multi-stimulus-responsive magnetic nano-hydrogels (MNHGs) to load doxorubicin hydrochloride [ 90 ]. The results of anti-cervical cancer experiments demonstrated that compared with single magnetic nanoparticles, MNHGs showed higher drug loading rate and cytotoxicity.…”

PEGylated hollow pH‐responsive polymeric nanocapsules for controlled drug delivery

“…Among these stimuli, the design and development of pH‐responsive DDSs are of particular of interest due to the simplicity and efficiency of this stimuli in comparison with others . In addition, it is worth noting that cancerous tissues have lower pH values than those of the surrounding normal tissues, which originate from abnormal metabolism of these tissues . This fact is the key point for the keen interest in the design and development of pH‐responsive polymeric nanosystems for drug delivery purposes.…”

Iron oxide/gold nanoparticles‐decorated reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid as the thermo‐radiotherapy agent

“…Moreover, with the conventional treatment modalities such as the combination of radio‐chemotherapy with and without surgery, maximum survival after recurrence is about 5 years [3]. According to the Dutch national guidelines, the standard treatment for loco‐regionally recurrent breast cancer in a previously irradiated area is re‐irradiation to a relatively low dose combined with hyperthermia.…”