Nanopore technology
holds great promise for a wide range of applications
such as biomedical sensing, chemical detection, desalination, and
energy conversion. For sensing performed in electrolytes in particular,
abundant information about the translocating analytes is hidden in
the fluctuating monitoring ionic current contributed from interactions
between the analytes and the nanopore. Such ionic currents are inevitably
affected by noise; hence, signal processing is an inseparable component
of sensing in order to identify the hidden features in the signals
and to analyze them. This Guide starts from untangling the signal
processing flow and categorizing the various algorithms developed
to extracting the useful information. By sorting the algorithms under
Machine Learning (ML)-based versus non-ML-based, their underlying
architectures and properties are systematically evaluated. For each
category, the development tactics and features of the algorithms with
implementation examples are discussed by referring to their common
signal processing flow graphically summarized in a chart and by highlighting
their key issues tabulated for clear comparison. How to get started
with building up an ML-based algorithm is subsequently presented.
The specific properties of the ML-based algorithms are then discussed
in terms of learning strategy, performance evaluation, experimental
repeatability and reliability, data preparation, and data utilization
strategy. This Guide is concluded by outlining strategies and considerations
for prospect algorithms.