Intense ultrasonic clicks from echolocating toothed whales do not elicit anti–predator responses or debilitate the squid
            <i>Loligo pealeii</i>

Wilson, Maria; Hanlon, Roger T.; Tyack, Peter L.; Madsen, Peter T.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0005

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Such a system will not work against echolocating toothed whales, but different body compositions with varying muscle mass and hard parts inevitably provide squid species with different capabilities to passively avoid biosonar detection or actively escape from capture attempts (Wilson et al 2007). Squid with high muscle content will present a strong sonar target and a high potential energy return for an echolocating predator (Clarke et al 1985), but the muscle will also potentially enable the squid to evade an approaching toothed whale (via jet escape), which in turn may invest more energy in pursuit and capture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clicking for calamari: toothed whales can echolocate squid Loligo pealeii

Madsen¹,

Wilson²,

Johnson³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Biol.

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Squid play an important role in biomass turnover in marine ecosystems and constitute a food source for ~90% of all echolocating toothed whale species. Nonetheless, it has been hypothesized that the soft bodies of squid provide echoes too weak to be detected by toothed whale biosonars, and that only the few hard parts of the squid body may generate significant backscatter. We measured the acoustic backscatter from the common squid Loligo pealeii for signals similar to toothed whale echolocation clicks using an energy detector to mimic the mammalian auditory system. We show that the dorsal target strengths of L. pealeii with mantle lengths between 23 and 26 cm fall in the range from -38 to -44 dB, and that the pen, beak and lenses do not contribute significantly to the backscatter. Thus, the muscular mantle and fins of L. pealeii constitute a sufficient sonar target for individual biosonar detection by toothed whales at ranges between 25 and 325 m, depending on squid size, noise levels, click source levels, and orientation of the ensonified squid. While epipelagic squid must be fast and muscular to catch prey and avoid visual predators, it is hypothesized that some deep-water squid may have adopted passive acoustic crypsis, with a body of low muscle mass and low metabolism that will render them less conspicuous to echolocating predators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clicking for calamari: toothed whales can echolocate squid Loligo pealeii

Madsen¹,

Wilson²,

Johnson³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Biol.

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show abstract

“…For marine invertebrates, our knowledge of hearing capabilities is relatively poor and a definition or even certainty of sound detection is not agreed upon (Webster et al 1992) despite their magnitude of biomass and often central role in ocean ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Sound Sensitivity in Cephalopods

Mooney

Hanlon

Madsen

et al. 2012

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…While early anecdotal evidence suggested that squid may 61 respond behaviorally to sound (Dijkgraaf 1963;Maniwa 1976), stunning or predator avoidance 62 responses to odontocete echolocation clicks have been hypothesized, debated and not-verified 63 (Norris and Møhl 1983; Wilson et al 2007). More recent work has largely focused on anatomical 64 and physiological investigations.…”

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confidence: 99%