Intensity modulator fabricated in LiNbO3 by femtosecond laser writing

Presti, Damián; Guarepi, Valentín Luis; Videla, Fabiàn; Fasciszewski, Alejandro; Torchia, G. A.

doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.08.015

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore, demonstrations of EO modulators with FsLDW LiNbO 3 waveguides so far are mostly based on Type-II-based double-line geometries (in which the original optical properties can be well preserved within waveguide volume), as summarized in Table 1. They have metal electrodes either coated on the substrate surfaces 64,65 or embedded in femtosecond laser ablated grooves 58 , as schematically illustrated in Fig. 6.…”

Section: Electro-optic Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser direct writing of flexibly configured waveguide geometries in optical crystals: fabrication and application

Jia¹,

Wang²,

Chen³

2020

Opto-Electronic Advances

142

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Optical waveguides are far more than mere connecting elements in integrated optical systems and circuits. Benefiting from their high optical confinement and miniaturized footprints, waveguide structures established based on crystalline materials, particularly, are opening exciting possibilities and opportunities in photonic chips by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Femtosecond-laser-direct writing (FsLDW), as a true three-dimensional (3D) micromachining and microfabrication technology, allows rapid prototyping of on-demand waveguide geometries inside transparent materials via localized material modification. The success of FsLDW lies not only in its unsurpassed aptitude for realizing 3D devices but also in its remarkable material-independence that enables cross-platform solutions. This review emphasizes FsLDW fabrication of waveguide structures with 3D layouts in dielectric crystals. Their functionalities as passive and active photonic devices are also demonstrated and discussed.

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Section: Electro-optic Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser direct writing of flexibly configured waveguide geometries in optical crystals: fabrication and application

Jia¹,

Wang²,

Chen³

2020

Opto-Electronic Advances

142

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“…(b) Image of cross‐section of a Type‐II waveguide in which light is guided between laser‐modified regions. (Reprinted with permission from Reference [60] © Elsevier). (c) Ridge waveguide made on LNOI with ultra‐low propagation loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4b shows the end face of a Type‐II waveguide in x‐cut bulk LiNbO 3 written by femtosecond laser at 800 nm with a pulse width of 100 fs, a repetition rate of 1 KHz, and a pulse energy 0.7 μm, in which light is guided in the dashed circle, even for a curved structure with a curvature radius of approximately tens of millimeters [60]. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in making thin‐film lithium niobate‐on‐insulator (LNOI) wafers, based on which the fabrication of ridge waveguides has been widely explored [59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basics and applications of optical interferometers integrated by femtosecond laser

Zhang

Sugioka

2022

Applied Research

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Photonic chips have been recognized as a promising platform for information technology. On-chip optical interferometers as fundamental building blocks of photonic chips are under extensive research with both conventional and novel fabrication techniques. Among them, recently, femtosecond laser has been attracting a great deal of attention as a powerful tool for directly writing micro-optical devices in various materials due to its flexibility and threedimensional fabrication capability. This article gives a review on the working principles and recent achievements of on-chip waveguides and interferometers fabricated by femtosecond laser, showing their potential applications in various scenarios.

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“…Interferometry techniques represent here an alternative approach. Due to high configurability interferometers have found a broad range of applications in the fields of optical metrology and visualization [14] such as aerodynamics and plasma physics [15] , optical coherence tomography [16] , optical path-length metrology [17] and relevant optoelectronic devices, basically as integrated phase and amplitude modulators [18] . Optical interferometry has also proved its efficiency in characterization of parametric optical effects in crystal materials, exploring their electrooptic [ 11 , 12 ] piezooptic and photoelastic properties [ 9 , 10 , 19-21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of photoelastic materials by combined Mach-Zehnder and conoscopic interferometry: Application to tetragonal lithium tetraborate crystals

Mytsyk

Andrushchak

Vynnyk

et al. 2020

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

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Mach-Zehnder and conoscopic interferometry are used to explore photoelastic properties of anisotropic crystal materials. In a number of cases an application of both techniques significantly improves an accuracy of piezoop-tic and photoelastic measurements. The performance of such combined approach is demonstrated on tetragonal lithium tetraborate (LTB) single crystals, as an example. Special attention is paid to methodological and metrological aspects, such as measurement accuracy and the quantitative error analysis of the resulting measurements. Performing the interferometric measurements for different geometries of piezooptic coupling the full sets of piezooptic and photoelastic tensor constants of LTB crystals have been determined. The acoustooptic efficiency, on the other hand, has been evaluated using the magnitudes of photoelastic constants derived from the piezooptical measurements. For the geometries with strong photoelastic coupling LTB demonstrates quite large acous-tooptic performance with figure of merit value, М 2 , achieving 2.12 × 10 -15 s 3 /kg. It is several times larger than that of strontium borate crystals, nowadays the best acoustooptic material in deepultraviolet spectral region.

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Intensity modulator fabricated in LiNbO3 by femtosecond laser writing

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Femtosecond laser direct writing of flexibly configured waveguide geometries in optical crystals: fabrication and application

Femtosecond laser direct writing of flexibly configured waveguide geometries in optical crystals: fabrication and application

Basics and applications of optical interferometers integrated by femtosecond laser

Characterization of photoelastic materials by combined Mach-Zehnder and conoscopic interferometry: Application to tetragonal lithium tetraborate crystals

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