Interaction between CETP Taq1B polymorphism and HEI, DQI and DPI on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multidimensional consequence of environmental and genetic factors. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B polymorphism has been reported as a main predictor of dyslipidaemia, comprising an important complication in persons with T2DM. However, diet could affect T2DM patients metabolic health. Methods We investigated the combination of gene–diet effects on some metabolic biomarkers. In our cross‐sectional study, blood samples of 220 patients were collected. Dietary indices (healthy eating index, dietary quality index and dietary phytochemical index) were obtained from a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. CETP Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped by a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment polymorphism method. Data were analysed by analysis of covariance. Results The interaction between the CETP Taq1B polymorphism and dietary indices on low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein was significant (p < 0.001 both crude and adjusted models). In addition, the interaction between polymorphism and dietary quality index on total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.004 crude model, p = 0.005 after adjusting) and pentraxin 3 (p = 0.01 both crude and adjusted models) was significant. Also, the interaction between polymorphism and healthy eating index on waist circumference (p = 0.005 both crude and adjusted models) and dietary phytochemical index on interleukin‐18 (p = 0.03 crude model) was significant. Conclusions Our results indicated the effect of CETP Taq1B polymorphism on some inflammatory and anthropometrics markers (total antioxidant capacity, pentraxin 3, interleukin‐18, low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein and waist circumference) with high and low adherence to dietary incides.

Gene–environment interactions in human health

“…This special issue of the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics comprises a compilation of 12 original research articles that focus on associations between genes and environment as well as gene-environment interactions in human health, with a particular emphasis on diet, body composition and metabolic health. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Human gene-environment associations and interactions can be investigated using a range of study designs, including the classic twin study, which collects data from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs and typically uses some form of structural equation modelling to estimate the proportion of variation in a trait explained by genes, shared environment and unique environment. 13 Other study designs include the traditional candidate-gene study, which examines associations between genes and environmental exposures, usually where there is a known link between the gene and the exposure, or the more complex genome-wide association study, which usually assumes no prior hypothesis and examines the entire genome for interactions with various environmental exposures.…”

“…This brief editorial provides just a snapshot of some of the key insights into gene–environment interactions and relationships with health outcomes presented in the 12 original articles that follow 1–12 . The results and discussion presented herein highlight the important role of diet (and potentially other environmental factors) with respect to gene expression and ultimately an individual's health status.…”

“…Diet is one of the key aspects of the environment that impacts health along with others such as lifestyle, physical activity and the gut microbiome. This special issue of the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics comprises a compilation of 12 original research articles that focus on associations between genes and environment as well as gene–environment interactions in human health, with a particular emphasis on diet, body composition and metabolic health 1–12 …”

“…Diet scores such as the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the Dietary Quality Index (DQI) are advantageous from a data analysis perspective as they act as a proxy measure of diet quality in one continuous variable. Several of the articles in this special issue use some dietary scoring system to examine the interaction between genotype, diet and body composition and/or metabolic health 3–6 . For example, Zarie and colleagues reported a significant interaction between higher adherence to the AHEI and CC genotype of MC4R rs17782313 on BMI and other body composition measurements 3 .…”

“…For example, Zarie and colleagues reported a significant interaction between higher adherence to the AHEI and CC genotype of MC4R rs17782313 on BMI and other body composition measurements 3 . Kalantar and colleagues looked at a combination of dietary scores, metabolic markers and body composition indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and, using general linear model regression, reported significant interactions between CETP Taq1B genotype, HEI, DQI and the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and several markers of metabolic health, including lipids, inflammatory markers, BMI and waist circumference 4 . This interaction effect provides further evidence that health status is a consequence of the interaction between genes and environmental exposures (diet in this case) and highlights the added value of examining gene–environment interactions with respect to health and disease outcomes.…”