Interaction between Lubricants Containing Phosphate Ester Additives and Stainless Steels

Johnson, David W.; Bachus, Matthew; Hils, J

doi:10.3390/lubricants1020048

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Anionic phosphate ester additives are generally used as corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, friction modifiers and extreme pressure (EP) anti-wear additives [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Their molecular structure mainly contains a phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorbed film structure and tribological performance of aqueous copolymer lubricants with phosphate ester additive on Ti coated surface

Lin

Zhu

Hirayama

et al. 2015

Wear

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorbed film structure and tribological performance of aqueous copolymer lubricants with phosphate ester additive on Ti coated surface

Lin

Zhu

Hirayama

et al. 2015

Wear

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“…Anti-wear additives have vital importance under extreme pressure (EP) conditions where the oil film between contacting surfaces is not sufficiently thick to prevent direct contact between the surface asperities. In such conditions, ideal additives form robust anti-wear films that adhere strongly to the surfaces and also withstand higher temperatures, particularly in aviation engines that operate at higher temperatures and higher speeds [4,5]. Phosphate esters and (metal) thiophosphate esters have been used as lubricant additives for more than 50 years in both the automotive and aviation industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Nanodiamond and Phosphate Ester Anti-Wear Additive Blends

et al. 2018

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Nanodiamonds are known to improve tribological performance when added to lubricants, but their impact on additives that may already be present in the lubricant is poorly documented. Here, we report on a study of their effects on thermal reaction films formed from tricresyl phosphate (TCP) on Fe substrates immersed in a dibasic ester basestock when blended with TCP. Thermal reaction film formation temperatures were recorded in-situ by monitoring the reaction film formation on both Fe and air baked Fe surfaces using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The nanodiamonds were found to raise the thermal reaction film formation temperature by 18 • C, possibly by raising the activation energy for the reaction, but they were not observed to affect the thickness or rate of formation of the films. The nanodiamonds, moreover, were observed to trigger thermal reaction film formation on air baked Fe surfaces that otherwise were highly resistance to reaction film formation. The surface morphology, roughness, and thickness of the thermal reaction films, as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), are reported as well as their chemical compositions, as studied with Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The coefficients of friction measured on the thermal reaction films during dry solid-solid contact are also reported.Lubricants 2018, 6, 56 2 of 14 existing phosphate esters additives, rather than outright replacing them. An appropriate strategy to limit their use levels while also retaining their function is to blend them with a synergistic and environmentally friendly additive. The overarching goal here is to add the synergistic additive without increasing the amount of phosphorus in the system until it is required to do so. This strategy would be completely practical to implement and applicable in various fields, such as aviation, automobiles, manufacturing, defense, etc., that implement a condition-based maintenance schedule [8].Nanomaterials are emerging as environmentally friendly and effective additives for controlling friction and wear in various applications [9]. Several physical mechanisms such as change in friction mode (sliding to rolling), surface polishing/mending, reduction in cohesive forces via layered materials, etc., and chemical mechanisms, including material delivery/transfer for catalysis, tribofilm formation by tribochemical reactions, etc., have been identified as lubrication mechanisms for nanomaterials [10]. However, nanomaterials should also be able to withstand tough environments under EP conditions during boundary lubrication and the high operating temperatures of aircraft engines if they are to be successfully blended with currently used additives. This requires that nanomaterials have, among other properties, a high melting point, high hardness, and favorable chemical reactions to allow rigid bonding onto the surface, together with the anti-wear film produced by the phosphate ester [5].Among the nanomaterials discovered and studied so far, nanodiamonds are the leading candidates from the po...

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“…The WSD of the oil containing TiO 2 under the NP or the TP increased when the concentration was beyond the optimum concentration. This can be interpreted as granule abrasions that take place in the presence of excess nanoparticles in the friction area [25,33,39]. However, it is observed that the anti-wear property of the TiO 2 nanoparticles both under the TP and under the NP is better than that of the base oil (see Figure 3).…”

Section: Anti-wear and Friction-reducing Properties Of Tio2 Nanopartimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inter alia, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles as lubricant additive were studied with much more attention, because of their good performance on anti-oxidant features, relatively low toxicity, pleasant odor, and non-volatility [25][26][27]. Unfortunately, nanoparticles are not well dispersed in nonpolar organic solvents due to their oleo-philic property, which limits the nanoparticles applications in lubricants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Properties of the Lubricant Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as an Additive

Ilie

Covaliu

2016

Lubricants

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Abstract:To improve the oil-solubility of nanoparticles, a new technology was used to prepare a kind of lubricant containing titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles. The microstructures of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized via transmission electron microscope (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Tribological properties of TiO 2 nanoparticles used as an additive in base oil were evaluated using four-ball tribometer and ball-on-disk tribometer. In addition, the worn surface of the steel ball was investigated via polarized microscopy (PM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TiO 2 nanoparticles can be completely well-dispersed in the base oil under a new process (NP), which has no significantly negative effect on the anti-oxidation property. The results of the tribological tests show that TiO 2 nanoparticles under the NP show a better anti-wear property and friction-reducing property in base oil compared to TiO 2 nanoparticles under the tradition process (TP). The main aim of this paper lies in solving with the oil-solubility problem through the combination effect of surface modification and special blend process of lubricating oil. This method was first used to prepare lubricant containing TiO 2 nanoparticles and then used as additives in engine oil, gear oil, and other industrial lubricants. At the same time, tribological properties of TiO 2 nanoparticles in base oil as a lubricating additive were also studied.

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Interaction between Lubricants Containing Phosphate Ester Additives and Stainless Steels

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Adsorbed film structure and tribological performance of aqueous copolymer lubricants with phosphate ester additive on Ti coated surface

Adsorbed film structure and tribological performance of aqueous copolymer lubricants with phosphate ester additive on Ti coated surface

Synergistic Effect of Nanodiamond and Phosphate Ester Anti-Wear Additive Blends

Tribological Properties of the Lubricant Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as an Additive

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