Interaction between the Joints in the Shoulder Mechanism: The Function of the Costoclavicular, Conoid and Trapezoid Ligaments

Abstract

By developing a measurement method based on the palpation of bony landmarks, the three-dimensional positions of the scapula and clavicle can be measured at several angles of humerus elevation. An analysis of these measurements shows the interaction between all joints of the shoulder mechanism. With the help of a biomechanical shoulder model the role of some of the extracapsular ligaments in the motion pattern of scapula and clavicle can be derived. In addition, the interaction between the rotations in the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints is shown, and the possible implications for the treatment of joint problems in the shoulder are discussed.

3D kinematic analysis of the acromioclavicular joint during arm abduction using vertically open MRI

“…2,[16][17][18][19] There have been, however, few reports about AC motion using cadaver models, 20,21 roentgenography, 2 and the insertion of pins into the bone. 5 Recently, Meskers et al 3 and Pronk et al 4 evaluated in vivo motion of the clavicle and AC joint using 3D electromagnetic tracking systems. This system, however, has disadvantages such as the lack of 3D positional data of the clavicle due to recording only two bony landmarks.…”

“…This system, however, has disadvantages such as the lack of 3D positional data of the clavicle due to recording only two bony landmarks. 3,4 Ludewig et al 22 overcame this problem by applying surface electromagnetic sensors to skin with adhesive tape. They succeeded in measuring in vivo 3D clavicular motion including the axial rotation during dynamic arm elevation, although the skin motion artifact of the sensor would occur over approximately 1108 of arm abduction.…”

“…However, few reports exist describing the kinematics of the AC joint, and no general consensus has emerged as to whether this joint has any motion. [2][3][4][5] We explored this dilemma with a 3D kinematic analysis system that enables visualization and evaluation of the motion of any bone and joint using MR images. This system has been used previously to study kinematics of the cervical spine, elbow, and wrist.…”

Functional Evaluation of the Ligaments at the Acromioclavicular Joint during Anteroposterior and Superoinferior Translation

“…1,3,5,15,16 Nevertheless, only a limited number of biomechanical studies have examined the functional anatomy of the ligamentous systems at the acromioclavicular joint during various motions and dislocation of the joint. 8,10,13,14,19 In this study, we applied a new method whereby a universal force-moment sensor was used to determine the in situ forces of various structures crossing the joint without contacting the soft tissue.4° 7° 11 Our goal was to determine the length and width of the coracoclavicular ligaments as well as the in situ force in these ligaments and the capsular ligaments around the acromioclavicular joint during anteroposterior and superoinferior joint displacement.…”

Kinematics of the Shoulder Girdle During Pointing: Coordination Between Joints and their Contribution to the Peri-Personal Workspace

“…These techniques demonstrated that there is a complex pattern of 3D rotations and translations of the scapula relative to the trunk during planar arm elevation (Fayad et al, 2006;Ludewig, Behrens, Meyer, Spoden, & Wilson, 2004;Ludewig, Cook, & Nawoczenski, 1996;McClure, Michener, Sennett, & Karduna, 2001;Pronk, van der Helm, & Rozendaal, 1993;Robert-Lachaine et al, 2015;Roren et al, 2015;van der Helm & Pronk, 1995). This was confirmed by invasive methods involving the insertion of pins into bones (Karduna, McClure, Michener, & Sennett, 2001;Lawrence, Braman, Staker, Laprade, & Ludewig, 2014;McClure et al, 2001) or x-ray imaging (Giphart et al, 2013).…”