Interaction forces between goethite and polymeric flocculants and their effect on the flocculation of fine goethite particles

Water soluble polymer flocculants are important constituents of solid–liquid separation units for the treatment of a variety of process‐affected effluents. The systematic development of a flocculant relies on a good understanding of flocculation process, polymer synthesis, polymer characterization, and, not the least, flocculation performance assessment as desired for a particular treatment process, all of which are essential to establish meaningful relationships between flocculant microstructure and flocculation efficiency. The aim of this article is to communicate the bigger picture of this research area to the readers. The recent advances in the application of bio/natural, synthetic, and stimuli‐responsive flocculants are reviewed. Then, the basic polymer reaction engineering tools to control the microstructure of flocculants are provided and the techniques for the quantification of flocculant microstructure are concisely discussed. This is followed by a review of the methods used for the characterization of particle‐polymer force measurement, and flocculation/dewatering assessment with attention to the characterization of aggregate structures.

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“…More detailed description of using SFA and AFM can be found elsewhere

F = k x

A number of studies on the interactions between particles and polymer flocculants with SFA and AFM are available . For example, Wang et al .…”

Section: Performance Assessment Of Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Soluble Polymer Flocculants: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Assessment

Vajihinejad

Gumfekar

Bazoubandi

et al. 2018

Macro Materials & Eng

141

108

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“…Flocculation causes suspended particles to (1) agglomerate overcoming the original repulsive forces by increasing the attractive forces or (2) precipitate by charge neutralization . The mechanisms for these attractions can be flocculation through bridging, attraction through an electrical double layer, charge neutralization, and charged patch attraction . When polymers are used, the mechanisms can be associated with (1) the bridging of dispersed particles as low-charged polymers extend beyond the diffuse double layer of the particles; and (2) charge neutralization by binding and shielding charged surfaces from the particles that become insoluble when polymers with high charge densities are used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 The mechanisms for these attractions can be flocculation through bridging, attraction through an electrical double layer, charge neutralization, and charged patch attraction. 47 When polymers are used, the mechanisms can be associated with (1) the bridging of dispersed particles as lowcharged polymers extend beyond the diffuse double layer of the particles; and (2) charge neutralization by binding and shielding charged surfaces from the particles that become insoluble when polymers with high charge densities are used. Because of the size of GO particles and their high negative charges, we hypothesized that charge stabilization of goethite is the main mechanism for the flocculation in this case.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Oxidation Degree of Graphene Oxides on their Adsorption, Flocculation, and Antibacterial Behavior

Zolezzi

Ihle

Angulo

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The effect of the oxidation degree of two graphene oxides (GOs) on the adsorption of cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic methyl orange (MO) dyes and on the coagulation of cationic goethite and anionic kaolin minerals was studied with respect to water treatment in the textile and mining industries. To this purpose, two GOs with high (GO-H) and low (GO-L) oxidation degrees were synthesized by the Hummer method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and zeta potential. The antibacterial behavior against Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterium was further tested under continuous agitation. GO-H and GO-L presented a high capacity for removing MB with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities (q m ) of 476.2 and 312.5 mg/g, respectively. Despite its negative charge, GO-L adsorbed MO with a q m of 263.2 mg/g that was higher than the values from GO-H (105.3 mg/g). Regarding the coagulation process, GO-H interacted with goethite decreasing the turbidity of the respective clay suspension, while GO-L presented a much lower effect. In kaolin suspensions the flocculation was less pronounced confirming the relevance of the minerals on the GO behavior. Both types of GO were able to kill Escherichia coli species at 0.5 mg/mL of particles with GO-L presenting the highest effectivity. All these results allow the generation of a general mechanism explaining the interactions of GO with the different contaminants based on its functional groups. Our results show that GO nanoparticles can be designed as a universal agent for water treatment removing ionic dissolved organic dyes and cationic particles as well as bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

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“…A high resistance and large flocs simulated the separation of the pollutant particles out of the solution and their subsequent sinking to the bottom. The adsorption of the target pollutant requires a strong adhesion between solid-liquid interfaces, which is influenced by the polymer's molecular weight [119]. In another study, lignin-[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC), with a high molecular weight, was more successful at removing Reactive Orange 16 than Reactive Black 5, though both dyes are anionic azo dyes [120].…”

Section: Locust Bean Gummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Modified Natural Polymers in Toxicant Dye Compounds Wastewater: A Review

Ishak

Murshed

Akil

et al. 2020

Water

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The utilization of various types of natural and modified polymers for removing toxicant dyes in wastewater generated by the dye industry is reviewed in this article. Dye wastewater contains large amounts of metals, surfactants, and organic matter, which have adverse effects on human health, potentially causing skin diseases and respiratory problems. The removal of dyes from wastewaters through chemical and physical processes has been addressed by many researchers. Currently, the use of natural and modified polymers for the removal of dyes from wastewater is becoming more common. Although modified polymers are preferred for the removal of dyes, due to their biodegradability and non-toxic nature, large amounts of polymers are required, resulting in higher costs. Surface-modified polymers are more effective for the removal of dyes from the wastewater. A survey of 80 recently published papers demonstrates that modified polymers have outstanding dye removal capabilities, and thus have a high applicability in industrial wastewater treatment.

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Interaction forces between goethite and polymeric flocculants and their effect on the flocculation of fine goethite particles

Cited by 28 publications

References 53 publications

Water Soluble Polymer Flocculants: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Assessment

Water Soluble Polymer Flocculants: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Assessment

Effect of the Oxidation Degree of Graphene Oxides on their Adsorption, Flocculation, and Antibacterial Behavior

The Application of Modified Natural Polymers in Toxicant Dye Compounds Wastewater: A Review

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