Interactions between nitrogen and cytokinin in the regulation of metabolism and development

Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Takei, Kentaro; Hirose, Naoya

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2006.07.004

Cited by 450 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…As most land soils globally are nitrogen-deficient, and nitrate, which is a major nitrogen source for land plants readily flows into aquatic ecosystems, land plants need to adapt their growth and metabolism in response to fluctuations in nitrogen availability [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Nitrate is a key signalling molecule that regulates this adaptation process.…”

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confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis NIN-like transcription factors have a central role in nitrate signalling

2013

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In plants, nitrate is not only a major nitrogen source but also a signalling molecule that modulates the expression of a wide range of genes and that regulates growth and development. The critical role of nitrate as a signalling molecule has been established for several decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the nitrate response have remained elusive, as the transcription factor that primarily responds to nitrate signals has not yet been identified. Here we show that Arabidopsis NIN-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) family proteins bind the nitrate-responsive cis-element and activate nitrate-responsive cis-element-dependent and nitrate-responsive transcription. Our results also suggest that the activity of NLPs is posttranslationally modulated by nitrate signalling. Furthermore, the suppression of NLP function impairs the nitrate-inducible expression of a number of genes and causes severe growth inhibition. These results indicate that NLPs are the transcription factors mediating the nitrate signal and thereby function as master regulators of the nitrate response.

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confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis NIN-like transcription factors have a central role in nitrate signalling

2013

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“…Cytokinins are key regulators of plant growth and development, including cell division, chloroplast biogenesis, differentiation, stress tolerance, and organ senescence (Argueso et al, 2010). Nitrate signaling is intrinsically linked to cytokinin, influencing both cytokinin synthesis and transport (Sakakibara et al, 2006;Hirose et al, 2008). Furthermore, cytokinin signaling mediates many of the effects of applied N and can mimic these responses in the absence of N (Sakakibara, 2003;Sakakibara et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nitrate signaling is intrinsically linked to cytokinin, influencing both cytokinin synthesis and transport (Sakakibara et al, 2006;Hirose et al, 2008). Furthermore, cytokinin signaling mediates many of the effects of applied N and can mimic these responses in the absence of N (Sakakibara, 2003;Sakakibara et al, 2006). Both cytokinin application and the modification of genes involved in cytokinin signaling influence chloroplast development, rice plant architecture, and yield (Ashikari et al, 2005;Hirose et al, 2007).…”

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Rice Cytokinin GATA Transcription Factor1 Regulates Chloroplast Development and Plant Architecture

et al. 2013

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Chloroplast biogenesis has been well documented in higher plants, yet the complex methods used to regulate chloroplast activity under fluctuating environmental conditions are not well understood. In rice (Oryza sativa), the CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (Cga1) shows increased expression following light, nitrogen, and cytokinin treatments, while darkness and gibberellin reduce expression. Strong overexpression of Cga1 produces dark green, semidwarf plants with reduced tillering, whereas RNA interference knockdown results in reduced chlorophyll and increased tillering. Coexpression, microarray, and real-time expression analyses demonstrate a correlation between Cga1 expression and the expression of important nucleus-encoded, chloroplast-localized genes. Constitutive Cga1 overexpression increases both chloroplast biogenesis and starch production but also results in delayed senescence and reduced grain filling. Growing the transgenic lines under different nitrogen regimes indicates potential agricultural applications for Cga1, including manipulation of biomass, chlorophyll/ chloroplast content, and harvest index. These results indicate a conserved mechanism by which Cga1 regulates chloroplast development in higher plants.

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“…The rate of cytokinin synthesis (S cytok roots , eqn T3Á1) is regulated from root concentrations in carbohydrates (which provide the carbon skeleton) and nitrates, as reviewed by Sakakibara et al (2006) …”

Section: Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

Barillot

Chambon

Andrieu

2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Improving crops requires better linking of traits and metabolic processes to whole plant performance. In this paper, we present CN-Wheat, a comprehensive and mechanistic model of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism within wheat culms after anthesis.Methods The culm is described by modules that represent the roots, photosynthetic organs and grains. Each of them includes structural, storage and mobile materials. Fluxes of C and N among modules occur through a common pool and through transpiration flow. Metabolite variations are represented by differential equations that depend on the physiological processes occurring in each module. A challenging aspect of CN-Wheat lies in the regulation of these processes by metabolite concentrations and the environment perceived by organs.Key Results CN-Wheat simulates the distribution of C and N into wheat culms in relation to photosynthesis, N uptake, metabolite turnover, root exudation and tissue death. Regulation of physiological activities by local concentrations of metabolites appears to be a valuable feature for understanding how the behaviour of the whole plant can emerge from local rules.Conclusions The originality of CN-Wheat is that it proposes an integrated view of plant functioning based on a mechanistic approach. The formalization of each process can be further refined in the future as knowledge progresses. This approach is expected to strengthen our capacity to understand plant responses to their environment and investigate plant traits adapted to changes in agronomical practices or environmental conditions. A companion paper will evaluate the model.

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Interactions between nitrogen and cytokinin in the regulation of metabolism and development

Cited by 450 publications

References 74 publications

Arabidopsis NIN-like transcription factors have a central role in nitrate signalling

Arabidopsis NIN-like transcription factors have a central role in nitrate signalling

Rice Cytokinin GATA Transcription Factor1 Regulates Chloroplast Development and Plant Architecture

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

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