Interannual variability and seasonal contribution of thermal expansion to sea level in the Persian Gulf

Hosseinibalam, F.; Hassanzadeh, Smaeyl; Kiasatpour, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.05.005

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our results establish the dominant magnitudes, scales, and mechanisms of intraseasonal sea level variability in the Persian Gulf, and thus build on findings from past works that emphasize seasonal cycles and decadal trends (Al-Subhi 2010; Alothman et al 2014;Ayhan 2020;El-Gindy 1991;El-Gindy and Eid 1997;Hassanzadeh et al 2007;Hosseinibalam et al 2007;Sharaf El Din 1990;Siddig et al 2019;Sultan et al 1995aSultan et al , 2000. Our study demonstrates that GRACE satellite retrievals are informative for interrogating coastal sea level over a semienclosed marginal sea, thereby complementing previous efforts that demonstrate the value of GRACE data in other marginal seas (Feng et al 2012(Feng et al , 2014Fenoglio-Marc et al 2006Landerer and Volkov 2013;Loomis and Luthcke 2017;Piecuch and Ponte 2015;Piecuch et al 2018b;FIG.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…These authors argue that 75% of the seasonal variance in sea level reflects an inverted-barometer response to a ;10-mb-amplitude seasonal cycle (1 mb 5 1 hPa) in local surface air pressure, and that the remaining 25% of seasonal variance represents steric variability owing to density fluctuations. Other studies targeting different regions, tide gauges, and time periods confirm this basic result that invertedbarometer and steric effects make primary and secondary contributions, respectively, to the large-scale seasonal cycle in Persian Gulf sea level, but also suggest that local wind effects are important in some places (Al-Subhi 2010; Barzandeh et al 2018;El-Gindy 1991;El-Gindy and Eid 1997;Hassanzadeh et al 2007;Hosseinibalam et al 2007;Sharaf El Din 1990;Sultan et al 2000). Alothman et al (2014) interrogate monthly relative sea level over 1979-2007 based on 15 tide gauge records from Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Iran, along with measurements of vertical land motion from six global positioning system (GPS) stations in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Past studies use satellite altimetry and tide gauges to study seasonal cycles and decadal trends in the Persian Gulf (Al-Subhi 2010; Alothman et al 2014;Ayhan 2020;El-Gindy 1991;El-Gindy and Eid 1997;Hassanzadeh et al 2007;Hosseinibalam et al 2007;Sharaf El Din 1990;Siddig et al 2019;Sultan et al 1995aSultan et al , 2000.…”

Section: Horizontal Scales and Vertical Structure Of Z Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies on Persian Gulf mean sea level largely focus on seasonal cycles and decadal trends (Al-Subhi 2010;Alothman et al 2014;Ayhan 2020;Barzandeh et al 2018;El-Gindy 1991;El-Gindy and Eid 1997;Hassanzadeh et al 2007;Hosseinibalam et al 2007;Sharaf El Din 1990;Siddig et al 2019;Sultan et al 1995aSultan et al , 2000. Sultan et al (1995a) consider monthly relative sea level during 1980-90 from two tide gauges on the Saudi Arabia coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

Piecuch

Fukumori

Ponte

2021

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Satellite observations are used to establish the dominant magnitudes, scales, and mechanisms of intraseasonal variability in ocean dynamic sea level () in the Persian Gulf over 2002–2015. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to altimetry data reveals a basin-wide, single-signed intraseasonal fluctuation that contributes importantly to variance in the Persian Gulf at monthly to decadal timescales. An EOF analysis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations over the same period returns a similar large-scale mode of intraseasonal variability, suggesting that the basin-wide intraseasonal variation has a predominantly barotropic nature. A linear barotropic theory is developed to interpret the data. The theory represents Persian-Gulf-average () in terms of local freshwater flux, barometric pressure, and wind stress forcing, as well as at the boundary in the Gulf of Oman. The theory is tested using a multiple linear regression with these freshwater flux, barometric pressure, wind stress, and boundary quantities as input, and as output. The regression explains 70%±79% (95% confidence interval) of the intraseasonal variance. Numerical values of regression coefficients computed empirically from the data are consistent with theoretical expectations from first principles. Results point to a substantial non-isostatic response to surface loading. The Gulf of Oman boundary condition shows lagged correlation with upstream along the Indian Subcontinent, Maritime Continent, and equatorial Indian Ocean, suggesting a large-scale Indian-Ocean influence on intraseasonal variation mediated by coastal and equatorial waves, and hinting at potential predictability. This study highlights the value of GRACE for understanding sea level in an understudied marginal sea.

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Section: Summary and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Horizontal Scales and Vertical Structure Of Z Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

Piecuch

Fukumori

Ponte

2021

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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“…Nevertheless the same authors, using an 11 year data set from two Saudi Arabian (south western Gulf) stations were able to identify a positive sea level trend of some 2.1mm per year. Later Hosseinibalam et al [9], using 10 years (1999-2000) of data from northern Gulf stations came to similar annual and seasonal conclusions, proposing a sea level rise of for the northern Gulf of 2.34mm per year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Rising sea level and long term sustainability of near-shore islands of the United Arab Emirates: an approach to establishing setback lines for Abu Dhabi

Garland¹

2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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In recent years an important infrastructural and human development focus for the United Arab Emirates has been along the shoreline of its northern coast fronting the Arabian Gulf. The Gulf itself is a large, warm, shallow semi-enclosed body of water with complex oceanography and geomorphological history. Its southern shores, including that of the northern UAE, are predominantly sandy. The value of present infrastructure, especially in the capital city Abu Dhabi, constructed on a number of natural and man-made islands, is enormous, but is already dwarfed by future plans for the next twenty years. It is obvious that for the plans to be both implementable and sustainable, the impacts of future sea level changes must be taken into account.Restricting sea level impact analysis to plotting the slow creep of steadily rising sea level up the shore over several decades is naive and ignores other significant changes in flood risks that accompany rising sea level. These include enhanced coastal erosion, higher extreme tides and waves, elevated low pressure surges and greater wave runup, all of which increase the likelihood of flood occurrence and the degree and intensity of damage. This paper reviews past and future sea level changes in the Arabian Gulf, and demonstrates that, notwithstanding its separation from world oceans, the Gulf sea level tends to respond to global forcing in the same way and within approximately the same time frames as the global oceanic system. The study concludes that from present evidence, the most likely sea level rise scenarios for the Gulf by 2099 lie between 0.21 and 2m. Then, after review of many of the relevant variables, it proposes an 8-step procedure for developing safe development setback lines for the islands and shoreline of Abu Dhabi city. The approach should be applicable for the islands and shorelines anywhere in the southern Gulf.

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Intraseasonal Sea-Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

Piecuch

Fukumori

Ponte

2020

Preprint

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Satellite observations are used to establish the dominant magnitudes, scales, and mechanisms of intraseasonal variability in ocean dynamic sea level (z) in the Persian Gulf over 2002-15. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to altimetry data reveals a basinwide, single-signed intraseasonal fluctuation that contributes importantly to z variance in the Persian Gulf at monthly to decadal time scales. An EOF analysis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations over the same period returns a similar large-scale mode of intraseasonal variability, suggesting that the basinwide intraseasonal z variation has a predominantly barotropic nature. A linear barotropic theory is developed to interpret the data. The theory represents Persian Gulf average z (z) in terms of local freshwater flux, barometric pressure, and wind stress forcing, as well as z at the boundary in the Gulf of Oman. The theory is tested using a multiple linear regression with these freshwater flux, barometric pressure, wind stress, and boundary z quantities as input and z as output. The regression explains 70% 6 9% (95% confidence interval) of the intraseasonal z variance. Numerical values of regression coefficients computed empirically from the data are consistent with theoretical expectations from first principles. Results point to a substantial nonisostatic response to surface loading. The Gulf of Oman z boundary condition shows lagged correlation with z upstream along the Indian subcontinent, Maritime Continent, and equatorial Indian Ocean, suggesting a large-scale Indian Ocean influence on intraseasonal z variation mediated by coastal and equatorial waves and hinting at potential predictability. This study highlights the value of GRACE for understanding sea level in an understudied marginal sea.

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Interannual variability and seasonal contribution of thermal expansion to sea level in the Persian Gulf

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

Rising sea level and long term sustainability of near-shore islands of the United Arab Emirates: an approach to establishing setback lines for Abu Dhabi

Intraseasonal Sea-Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

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