This entry deals with pragmatic transfer, the influence among the language(s)/culture(s) known to an individual at the level of pragmatic knowledge in the context of language learning and communication. After briefly tracing the origins and development of this area of study, which lies at the intersection of second language acquisition and pragmatics, we explain the distinction between pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic transfer. Then we consider two main approaches to pragmatic transfer, namely interlanguage pragmatics, which is closely tied to speech act realization studies, and the cognitive‐pragmatic perspective that draws on notions of multicompetence. We discuss studies that consider transfer in terms of the influence of the L1 on the development and use of an L2, and research that underlines the influence of the L2 on the L1, underscoring the bidirectionality of this phenomenon. Multilingualism is an area of increasing interest in studies on pragmatic transfer, as are factors affecting pragmatic transfer such as speakers' proficiency level, perceived cultural distance, willingness to assume L2 sociocultural values, length of stay in the L2 community, and exposure to the target language. Recent research examines new types of data (digital communication) and brings into the picture new theoretical and methodological frameworks (e.g., conversation analysis or relevance theory).