“…The idea of incorporating the fuzzy outranking relations of ELECTRE into metaheuristics for many-objective optimization has been previously studied. In the domain of portfolio optimization, the pioneers of this strategy were Fernandez et al (2010), who subsequently encouraged a wide range of studies in the last decade that exploits the properties of the outranking relations (e.g., Fernandez et al, 2011Fernandez et al, , 2013Fernandez et al, , 2017Rivera et al, 2012;Cruz et al, 2014;Bastiani et al, 2015;Balderas et al, 2016;Gomez et al, 2018;Rangel-Valdez et al, 2020). These studies provide empirical evidence that metaheuristics increase selective pressure when enriched with DM preferences articulated through ELECTRE III.…”