Interference from Established Stands of Silverleaf Nightshade (<i>Solanum elaeagnifolium</i>) on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Lint Yield

Experiments were conducted in 1998 and 1999 at the Central Crops Research Station near Clayton, NC, to evaluate density-dependent effects of Datura stramonium on weed growth and seed rain and Gossypium hirsutum growth and yield. Datura stramonium height was not affected by density in either year. Crop height never exceeded weed height during the growing season, indicating that competition for light occurred between the two species. Eight weeks after planting or later, G. hirsutum height decreased as D. stramonium density increased. An increase in D. stramonium density from 1 to 32 plants (9.1 m of row)−1 resulted in a decrease in capsule production per plant of 92 and 60 in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Total D. stramonium dry weight per 9.1 m of row increased via a quadratic relationship as weed density increased. Gossypium hirsutum lint yields decreased as D. stramonium biomass and density increased in both years. Estimated yield losses of 10 and 25% were caused by D. stramonium at 0.5 and 1.5 plants (9.1 m of row)−1 (572 and 1,716 plants ha−1), respectively, in 1998 and 0.6 and 1.8 plants (9.1 m of row)−1 (690 and 2,060 plants ha−1), respectively, in 1999.

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“…(tropic croton) (Askew and Wilcut 2000), and Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (silverleaf nightshade) (Smith et al 1990b).…”

Section: Datura Stramonium Dry Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Datura stramoniuminterference and seed rain inGossypium hirsutum

Scott

Askew

Wilcut³

et al. 2000

Weed Science

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“…Yield reductions have been established for many perennial weeds (Smith et al 1990;Zollinger and Kells 1993), but a literature search failed to provide any data establishing competitive indices or yield reduction associated with perennial vines. Part of the reason for a lack of research in this area stems from the difficulty in delineating the area of influence of a single plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Growth of Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) as Affected by Rootstock Size and Planting Depth

Edwards

Oliver²

2004

Weed technol.

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Trumpetcreeper, a deciduous, perennial vine found in the midwestern and southeastern United States, causes crop losses through direct competition and by crop entanglement, and control measures include both herbicides and tillage. The regenerative capacity of trumpetcreeper rootstocks of varying length and diameter when planted at different depths was evaluated in greenhouse experiments in Arkansas. Deeper placement of rootstocks delayed trumpetcreeper emergence but had no effect on shoot growth after emergence. Larger rootstock segments produced more shoots per plant and more total biomass production. However, smaller rootstock segments produced more shoots and total biomass per centimeter of rootstock. Overall, decreasing trumpetcreeper rootstock size will delay shoot emergence but may not result in increased long-term control.

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“…For example, Solanum rostratum Dunal (buffalobur) and Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (silverleaf nightshade) are troublesome in cotton production; Solanum carolinense L. (horsenettle) is an important weed of corn and peanut production (Armel et al 2003;Green et al 1988;Hackett et al 1987;Mullahey et al 1993a;Prostko et al 1994;Rushing et al 1985;Smith et al 1990;Whaley and VanGessel 2001); others are highly invasive and difficult to control in pastures (Albert 1960;Gorrell et al 1981;Mullahey 1996), gardens (Frank 1990) and natural areas (Bryson 1996;Coile 1993;Diaz et al 2008;Hall et al 1998;Mullahey and Colvin 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Development, and Morphological Differences among Native and Nonnative Prickly Nightshades (Solanumspp.) of the Southeastern United States

Bryson

Reddy

Byrd

2012

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Prickly nightshades are troublesome weeds of natural habitats, pastures, feedlots, right-of-ways, and croplands. Native and nonnative invasive weedy species of prickly nightshades were compared to determine growth, development, and morphological differences. Six (Solanum bahamense, Solanum capsicoides, Solanum carolinense, Solanum dimidiatum, Solanum donianum, and Solanum pumilum) of the 18 species of prickly nightshades studied are native to the US. Two species, Solanum citrullifolium and Solanum rostratum, are annuals; the others are perennials or are short lived perennials or annuals in northern extremes of their range in North America. Tables were developed from new and existing data to differentiate vegetative and reproductive characteristics among 18 species of prickly nightshade found in the southeastern US. In greenhouse experiments, average plant height ranged from 24 and 26 cm (9.45 and 10.24 inch) for S. carolinense and Solanum jamaicense, respectively, to 100 and 105 cm for Solanum tampicense and Solanum sisymbriifolium, respectively at 10 wk after emergence (WAE). By 10 WAE, the average number of leaves per plant ranged from < 10 for S. carolinense and Solanum torvum to > 40 leaves/plant for S. rostratum and S. dimidiatum. Average number of nodes/plant main stem ranged from 11, 12, and 14 nodes in S. jamaicense, S. torvum, and S. carolinense, respectively, to 54 nodes in S. rostratum. Average plant dry weights were collected at 10 WAE and were greatest for Solanum mammosum and (> 17 g/plant) (0.6001 oz/plant) and least for S. carolinense (1 g/plant). Based on these data, nightshade growth rate and dry weight were variable among some species and variability may be a result of phenology and life cycles, annual or perennial. Plants of S. rostratum, an annual, were relatively tall and produced high number of nodes and leaves and had the shortest period from emergence to flower among the prickly nightshades evaluated.

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Interference from Established Stands of Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Lint Yield

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Datura stramoniuminterference and seed rain inGossypium hirsutum

Datura stramoniuminterference and seed rain inGossypium hirsutum

Emergence and Growth of Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) as Affected by Rootstock Size and Planting Depth

Growth, Development, and Morphological Differences among Native and Nonnative Prickly Nightshades (Solanumspp.) of the Southeastern United States

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