Interference of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF)

Peurala, Sinikka H.; Müller-Dahlhaus, J. Florian M.; Arai, Noritoshi; Ziemann, Ulf

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2008.05.031

Cited by 268 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Pharmacological studies further showed that LICI at an ISI of 100ms is associated with GABABR-activity (McDonnell et al, 2006;Müller-Dahlhaus et al, 2008). This notion is supported by the finding that SICI, another paired-pulse TMS paradigm likely representing GABAAR-mediated inhibition (Di Lazzaro et al, 2000;Di Lazzaro et al, 1998;Ilic et al, 2002;Kujirai et al, 1993;Peurala et al, 2008;Ziemann et al, 1996a, b) is suppressed in the presence of LICI, which is thought to derive from activation of presynaptic GABABRs (Cash et al, 2010;Müller-Dahlhaus et al, 2008;Sanger et al, 2001). In this study, LICI (quantified as paired-minus single-pulse TEPs) showed a suppression of the P25, N45, N100 and P180 potentials, whereas the P70 was increased (cf.…”

Section: Teps)supporting

confidence: 68%

“…This phenomenon is known as long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and was shown to be associated with activation of GABAB-receptors (GABABRs) (McDonnell et al, 2006;Müller-Dahlhaus et al, 2008). The notion that LICI reflects GABABR-mediated inhibition is further supported by studies demonstrating that LICI suppresses GABAA-receptor (GABAAR)-mediated cortical inhibition [SICI: short-interval intracortical inhibition (Kujirai et al, 1993;Peurala et al, 2008;Ziemann et al, 1996a)], likely through activation of autoinhibitory pre-synaptic GABABRs (Daskalakis et al, 2002;Sanger et al, 2001), in line with cellular experiments (Davies et al, 1990). However, evidence on the mechanisms of LICI is only indirect as it is derived from EMG recordings, which limits its potential as a diagnostic tool in a clinical setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Characterization of GABAB-receptor mediated neurotransmission in the human cortex by paired-pulse TMS–EEG

et al. 2014

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Section: Teps)supporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Characterization of GABAB-receptor mediated neurotransmission in the human cortex by paired-pulse TMS–EEG

et al. 2014

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“…36 Likewise, short interval cortical facilitation, which can occur at 3-ms interstimulus intervals, tends to occur more efficiently at far higher conditioning stimulus intensities. 37,38 Therefore, our study was not optimal for assessing paired-pulse facilitation but probably yielded SICI data that were relatively uncontaminated by facilitatory processes.…”

Section: Motor Function and Physiology In Children Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor cortex inhibition

Gilbert¹,

Isaacs²,

Augusta³

et al. 2011

Neurology

153

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Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset behavioral diagnosis in which children often fail to meet age norms in development of motor control, particularly timed repetitive and sequential movements, motor overflow, and balance. The neural substrate of this motor delay may include mechanisms of synaptic inhibition in or adjacent to the motor cortex. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked measures, particularly short interval cortical inhibition (SICI), in motor cortex correlate with the presence and severity of ADHD in childhood as well as with commonly observed delays in motor control. Methods:In this case-control study, behavioral ratings, motor skills, and motor cortex physiology were evaluated in 49 children with ADHD (mean age 10.6 years, 30 boys) and 49 typically developing children (mean age 10.5 years, 30 boys), all right-handed, aged 8-12 years. Motor skills were evaluated with the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS) and the Motor Assessment Battery for Children version 2. SICI and other physiologic measures were obtained using TMS in the left motor cortex. Results:In children with ADHD, mean SICI was reduced by 40% (p Ͻ 0.0001) and less SICI correlated with higher ADHD severity (r ϭ Ϫ0.52; p ϭ 0.002). Mean PANESS motor development scores were 59% worse in children with ADHD (p Ͻ 0.0001). Worse PANESS scores correlated modestly with less SICI (r ϭ Ϫ.30; p ϭ 0.01). Conclusion:Reduced TMS-evoked SICI correlates with ADHD diagnosis and symptom severity and also reflects motor skill development in children. Neurology ® 2011;76:615-621 GLOSSARY ADHD ϭ attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-RS-IV ϭ ADHD Rating Scale IV; AMT ϭ active motor threshold; CPRS ϭ Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised; CSP ϭ cortical silent period; DSM-IV ϭ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; GABA ϭ ␥-aminobutyric acid; ICF ϭ intracortical facilitation; MABC-2 ϭ Motor Assessment Battery in Children version 2; MEP ϭ motor evoked potential; PANESS ϭ Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs; RMT ϭ resting motor threshold; SICI ϭ short interval cortical inhibition; TD ϭ typically developing; TMS ϭ transcranial magnetic stimulation.Development of behavioral control and fine motor coordination are 2 fundamental maturational processes in childhood. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have ageinappropriate impulse control and fail to meet age norms on timed repetitive and sequential movements, develop accurate rhythm more slowly, and persist in immature patterns of motor overflow. 1 These developmental skills, rated using the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS), 2 consistently distinguish children with ADHD from typically developing (TD) children. 3 The neurobiologic underpinnings of these motor delays as well as of the cardinal ADHD behavioral symptoms are incompletely understood. A more quantita...

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“…3 The ISIs and stimulus intensities for eliciting SICI and SICF overlap considerably. 4,5 SICI studies in patients with PD reported variable results: some studies reported that SICI was decreased, [6][7][8] whereas others found unchanged SICI in PD. [9][10][11][12] Particularly, SICI in PD was normal at lower S1 intensities and was reduced only at higher S1 intensities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased motor cortical facilitation and decreased inhibition in Parkinson disease

et al. 2013

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Objective: To identify the changes in motor cortical facilitatory and inhibitory circuits in Parkinson disease (PD) by detailed studies of their time courses and interactions.Methods: Short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were measured with a paired-pulse paradigm using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Twelve patients with PD in both ON and OFF medication states and 12 age-matched healthy controls were tested. The first experiment tested the time course of SICF in PD and controls. The second experiment tested SICI at different times corresponding to SICF peaks and troughs to investigate whether SICI was affected by SICF.Results: SICF was increased in PD OFF state and was reduced by dopaminergic medications. The reduction in SICF from the OFF to ON state correlated with the improvement in PD motor signs. SICI was reduced in PD OFF state and was only partially normalized by dopaminergic medications. At SICF peaks, improvement in SICI with medication correlated with improvement in PD motor sign. Principal component analysis showed that variations of SICF and SICI were explained by the same principal component only in the PD OFF group, suggesting that decreased SICI in the OFF state is related to increased SICF. Conclusions:Motor cortical facilitation is increased and inhibition is decreased in PD. Increased cortical facilitation partly accounts for the decreased inhibition, but there is also impairment in synaptic inhibition in PD. Increased cortical facilitation may be a compensatory mechanism in PD. Neurology â 2013;80:1746-1753 GLOSSARY AMT 5 active motor threshold; ANOVA 5 analysis of variance; GABA 5 g-aminobutyric acid; ICF 5 intracortical facilitation; ISI 5 interstimulus interval; I-wave 5 indirect wave; M1 5 primary motor cortex; MEP 5 motor-evoked potential; PD 5 Parkinson disease; RMT 5 rest motor threshold; S1 5 first stimulus; S2 5 second stimulus; SICF 5 short-interval intracortical facilitation; SICI 5 short-interval intracortical inhibition; TMS 5 transcranial magnetic stimulation; UPDRS 5 Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) arise from dysfunctions of the motor system. 1 Cortical motor commands originate from the primary motor cortex (M1), which is a primary target of basal ganglia output. The balance and interactions between cortical inhibitory and facilitatory circuits determine motor cortical excitability and output. Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) represents a cortical inhibitory process that is measured by paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a subthreshold first stimulus (S1) suppressing the motor-evoked potential (MEP) generated by a subsequent suprathreshold second stimulus (S2) at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 1 to 5 milliseconds.2 Short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) represents a cortical facilitatory process whereby a threshold-level S2 facilitates a suprathreshold S1 at 3 distinct peaks of ISIs (1.1-1.5, 2.3-2.9, ...

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Interference of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF)

Cited by 268 publications

References 41 publications

Characterization of GABAB-receptor mediated neurotransmission in the human cortex by paired-pulse TMS–EEG

Characterization of GABAB-receptor mediated neurotransmission in the human cortex by paired-pulse TMS–EEG

Motor cortex inhibition

Increased motor cortical facilitation and decreased inhibition in Parkinson disease

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