Interhemispheric transfer of post-amputation cortical plasticity within the human somatosensory cortex

Valyear, Kenneth F.; Philip, Benjamin A.; Cirstea, Carmen M.; Chen, Pin-Wei; Baune, Nathan A.; Marchal, Noah; Frey, Scott H.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116291

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In terms of developmental primacy, studies of zebra fish demonstrate that spinal motor-neurons begin a stereotyped process of establishing global synchronization dynamics, beginning with the reliable enabling of increasing degrees of synchronous local activity [ 232 ], followed by larger-scale integration (or self-organization) into well-defined oscillatory modes as critical thresholds are surpassed [ 233 ]. High degrees of integrative capacity via body maps may potentially help to explain the remarkable capacities of nervous systems to reconfigure themselves for both good (e.g., recovery after injury) and ill (e.g., phantom limb syndrome) [ 194 , 234 , 235 ].…”

Section: The Emergence Of Conscious Teleological Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Radically Embodied Conscious Cybernetic Bayesian Brain: From Free Energy to Free Will and Back Again

Safron

2021

Entropy

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Drawing from both enactivist and cognitivist perspectives on mind, I propose that explaining teleological phenomena may require reappraising both “Cartesian theaters” and mental homunculi in terms of embodied self-models (ESMs), understood as body maps with agentic properties, functioning as predictive-memory systems and cybernetic controllers. Quasi-homuncular ESMs are suggested to constitute a major organizing principle for neural architectures due to their initial and ongoing significance for solutions to inference problems in cognitive (and affective) development. Embodied experiences provide foundational lessons in learning curriculums in which agents explore increasingly challenging problem spaces, so answering an unresolved question in Bayesian cognitive science: what are biologically plausible mechanisms for equipping learners with sufficiently powerful inductive biases to adequately constrain inference spaces? Drawing on models from neurophysiology, psychology, and developmental robotics, I describe how embodiment provides fundamental sources of empirical priors (as reliably learnable posterior expectations). If ESMs play this kind of foundational role in cognitive development, then bidirectional linkages will be found between all sensory modalities and frontal-parietal control hierarchies, so infusing all senses with somatic-motoric properties, thereby structuring all perception by relevant affordances, so solving frame problems for embodied agents. Drawing upon the Free Energy Principle and Active Inference framework, I describe a particular mechanism for intentional action selection via consciously imagined (and explicitly represented) goal realization, where contrasts between desired and present states influence ongoing policy selection via predictive coding mechanisms and backward-chained imaginings (as self-realizing predictions). This embodied developmental legacy suggests a mechanism by which imaginings can be intentionally shaped by (internalized) partially-expressed motor acts, so providing means of agentic control for attention, working memory, imagination, and behavior. I further describe the nature(s) of mental causation and self-control, and also provide an account of readiness potentials in Libet paradigms wherein conscious intentions shape causal streams leading to enaction. Finally, I provide neurophenomenological handlings of prototypical qualia including pleasure, pain, and desire in terms of self-annihilating free energy gradients via quasi-synesthetic interoceptive active inference. In brief, this manuscript is intended to illustrate how radically embodied minds may create foundations for intelligence (as capacity for learning and inference), consciousness (as somatically-grounded self-world modeling), and will (as deployment of predictive models for enacting valued goals).

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Section: The Emergence Of Conscious Teleological Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Radically Embodied Conscious Cybernetic Bayesian Brain: From Free Energy to Free Will and Back Again

Safron

2021

Entropy

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“…Plasticity in the adult sensorimotor cortex following deprivation has also been suggested to be triggered by contextual changes to the spared input, due to adaptive behaviour. For instance, unilateral arm amputees increasingly rely on their intact hand for daily functioning, and this over-use could relate to increased activity for the intact hand in amputees' (ipsilateral) deprived hand area, resulting in remapping of the intact hand's activity profile [39][40][41]. In the context of homeostasis, it has been suggested that this intact hand representation may help sustain the persistent representational structure of the missing hand underlying the same cortical territory [17], by providing highly organised inputs to maintain network stability.…”

Section: Considering Activity-dependent Plasticity As a Stabilising Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

The homeostatic homunculus: rethinking deprivation-triggered reorganisation

Muret

Makin

2021

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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“…Since hand and finger movements are known to be controlled by the contralateral hemisphere, the focus of our analyses is mainly on the attempted/phantom movements. However, because there is research that shows that ipsilateral activity does occur during unilateral movement of the hand ( Hanakawa et al, 2005 , Verstynen et al, 2005 , Hlushchuk and Hari, 2006 , Horenstein et al, 2009 , Diedrichsen et al, 2013 ) and ipsilateral representations may become more apparent after deafferentation ( Valyear et al, 2020 ), we have - for the sake of completeness - also performed analyses on the ipsilateral executed movements. Furthermore, the behavioral measurements on the intact hand provide a reference for the performance of the invisible hand.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typical somatomotor physiology of the hand is preserved in a patient with an amputated arm: An ECoG case study

Boom

Miller

Gregg

et al. 2021

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Highlights Electrophysiology of amputated hand preserved in contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Typical focal increase of HFB power and distributed decrease in LFB. Finger representations are intact and decodable at high (>90%) accuracy. Optimal decoding 1–3 s after onset, with at least 13–13 mm cortical coverage. Electrophysiology remain intact after long term amputation and can be used for BCIs.

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Interhemispheric transfer of post-amputation cortical plasticity within the human somatosensory cortex

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

The Radically Embodied Conscious Cybernetic Bayesian Brain: From Free Energy to Free Will and Back Again

The Radically Embodied Conscious Cybernetic Bayesian Brain: From Free Energy to Free Will and Back Again

The homeostatic homunculus: rethinking deprivation-triggered reorganisation

Typical somatomotor physiology of the hand is preserved in a patient with an amputated arm: An ECoG case study

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