Internal Larval Morphology of Two Species of Shining Leaf Frogs (Anura: Phyllomedusidae: Phasmahyla)

The tadpoles of the funnel‐mouthed dendrobatids (Anura: Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae:Silverstoneia): external morphology, musculoskeletal anatomy, buccopharyngeal cavity, and new synapomorphies

“…He reported a similar condition in other funnel-mouthed larvae as well (Stuart, 1954) [as Ptychohyla schmidtorum (Stuart, 1954)], Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911, andMegophrys minor Stejneger, 1926). The same structure has also been observed in Phasmahyla Cruz, 1991(Dias, Mongin-Aquino, et al, 2018, Taylor, 1920 (unpublished data), and additional…”

“…3.5.7 | Character 7: Buccopharynx, postnarial papillae shape: conical (0); oblique 1The first postnarial pair of papillae is the most variable among anuran larvae. In species that possess a funnel mouth, it is frequently modified into a large, oblique structure (Dias, Mongin-Aquino, et al, 2018;Grosjean et al, 2011;Wassersug, 1980). The funnel-mouthed dendrobatoids, Silverstoneia, have oblique (state 1; Figure 13a,c) papillae.…”

The remarkable larval anatomy of Proceratophrys minuta Napoli, Cruz, Abreu and Del‐Grande, 2011 (Amphibia: Anura: Odontophrynidae)

“…Larval morphology is an exciting field, and despite tadpoles having been studied for over 100 years (e.g., Boulenger, 1892; Lataste, 1879; Noble, 1929; Orton, 1953), as more species are investigated, new characters are described (e.g., Dias, Araújo‐Vieira, Santos, & Both, 2019b; Dias, Mongin‐Aquino, et al, 2018a; Haas et al, 2014; Rada et al, 2019; Rowley, Tran, Le, Hoang, & Altig, 2012; Vera Candioti et al, 2017). Even in phenotypically conserved lineages such as the genus Proceratophrys , new characters can be discovered as is the case of P. minuta .…”

“…Such intriguing evolutionary trajectory makes larval morphology an important element to understand the phylogenetic relationships of frogs. Larval characters have been incorporated into several phylogenetical studies in the last 20 years (e.g., de Sá et al, 2014; Faivovich, 2002; Frost et al, 2006; Haas, 2003; Maglia, Púgener, & Trueb, 2001; Púgener, Maglia, & Trueb, 2003), and several new larval synapomorphies have been identified in many anuran lineages (e.g., Araújo‐Vieira, Tacioli, Faivovich, Orrico, & Grant, 2015; Baldo et al, 2014; Blotto, Pereyra, & Baldo, 2014; Dias, Anganoy‐Criollo, Guayasamin, & Grant, 2018b; Dias, Araújo‐Vieira, Carvalho‐e‐Silva, & Orrico, 2019a; Dias, Mongin‐Aquino, Vera Candioti, Carvalho‐e‐Silva, & Baêta, 2018a; Kolenc et al, 2008; Nascimento & Skuk, 2007). Nevertheless, these exciting discoveries are connected with a broad taxonomic sampling of phenotypical characters, and the lack of data prevents us from fully understanding larval evolution in several lineages.…”

Larval anatomy of Dendropsophus decipiens (A. Lutz 1925) (Anura: Hylidae: Dendropsophini) with considerations to larvae of this genus

“…In larvae of Lysapsus , Pseudis , and some Scinax , the suprarostral corpora are fused distally, but with a medial indentation that allow the identification of both elements; several other hylids have completely separated suprarostral cartilage (e.g. [32,33,40–43]). This character-state is still unknown for Scarthyla , Sphaenorhynchus , and Xenohyla .…”